In 182 Commoduss sister Lucilla conspired with a group of senators to assassinate him. Cassius Dio recorded one incident where, after becoming tired out, Commodus ordered a cup of chilled wine to him and drank it at one gulp. In an amusing anecdote, Dio continued, At this both the populace and we senators all immediately shouted out the words so familiar at drinking-bouts, Long life to you!'. After this look at Commodus, check out these interesting facts about Ancient Rome. She believes that only by understanding where we come from, can we truly understand our life path and purpose. Well, kind of, but not really. One of these is Commodus' relationship with his sister Lucilla. In 195, the emperor Septimius Severus, trying to gain favour with the family of Marcus Aurelius, rehabilitated Commodus's memory and had the Senate deify him. Top Image: Bust of Commodus, 17th Emperor of the Roman Empire. Except where otherwise noted, the notes below indicate that an individual's parentage is as shown in the above family tree. He was very vain, and strongly believed himself to be the reincarnation of Hercules so much so that he ordered statues of himself be dressed like Hercules, and he ordered that people call him Hercules, son of Zeus. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). His father was Roman Emperor Marcus Aurelius , and his mother was Faustina the Younger. In the same year, Pertinax unmasked a conspiracy by two enemies of Cleander Antistius Burrus (one of Commodus's brothers-in-law) and Arrius Antoninus. Thegoal of Ancient Origins is to highlight recent archaeological discoveries, peer-reviewed academic research and evidence, as well as offering alternative viewpoints and explanations of science, archaeology, mythology, religion and history around the globe. To help answer that question, here are five of the key elements of the story and their historical precedents. The most famous scene in "Gladiator" is the one that launched a thousand memes (to use a phrase from a different Ancient European society). Herodian's Roman History F.L. He also reduced the silver purity from 79percent to 76percent the silver weight dropping from 2.57grams to 2.34grams. With each breathtaking scene, the complex culture of world that created and adored these bloody games between man and beast comes into clear focus. Upon his fathers death in 180, Commodus became the sole emperor. Gladiator: How Commodus Died In Real Life & Who Killed Him, Gladiator: What Happened To Every Historical Character In Real Life. Commodus was a spoiled, narcissistic young man who was something of an embarrassment to his father. Commodus would also slay exotic animals, such as lions, ostriches, hippos, elephants, and giraffes. His recorded actions do tend to show a rejection of his father's policies, his father's advisers, and especially his father's austere lifestyle, and an alienation from the surviving members of his family. Marcus Aurelius. It's a great story of revenge but the character of Maximus is entirely made up. To "accept kinship with Commodus the bluntly pragmatic decision was taken to deify the former emperor, thus legitimizing Severus' seizure of power. The megalomania of Commodus was not limited to the Colosseum. At the end of June, a mob demonstrated against Cleander during a horse race in the Circus Maximus: he sent the Praetorian Guard to put down the disturbances, but Pertinax, who was now City Prefect of Rome, dispatched the Vigiles Urbani to oppose them. ( Public Domain ). Commodus Roman Emperor In Power Nov 27, 176 - Dec 31, 192 Born Aug 31, 161Lanuvium, Italy Died Dec 31, 192 (aged 31)Rome, Italy Wife Bruttia Crispina Father Marcus Aurelius Mother Faustina the Younger Lucius Aurelius Commodus was born in Lanuvium, near Rome, on August 31, 161. Innumerable statues around the empire were set up portraying him in the guise of Hercules, reinforcing the image of him as a demigod, a physical giant, a protector, and a warrior who fought against men and beasts (see "Commodus and Hercules" and "Commodus the Gladiator" below). Narcissus died by execution during the series of civil wars after Commodus's death. Upon his death, the Senate declared him a public enemy (a de facto damnatio memoriae) and restored the original name of the city of Rome and its institutions. It is uncertain whether Rupilia Faustina was Frugi's daughter by Salonia Matidia or another woman. [4] Commodus was supposedly in a drunken stupor after Marcia had poisoned him[1] and Narcissus proceeded to strangle his master in his bathtub[1] or, according to Herodian, in his bed.[3]. Moreover, as Hercules, he could claim to be the son of Jupiter, the supreme god of the Roman pantheon. Jack is a feature writer for Screen Rant. Thereafter his rule became increasingly arbitrary and vicious. ( Louisonze/CC BY-SA 3.0 ). The ending of "Gladiator" makes it seem like Commodus' death means a new beginning for Rome. We'll explain. 1. All Action 473K subscribers 86K 11M views 1 year ago #Gladiator #RidleyScott #AllAction Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix) challenges Maximus (Russell Crowe) in combat in the hopes of killing him. He is viewed as having been an inept emperor, his megalomaniac tendencies leading to odd behaviors which frustrated and upset the Roman people. By December of that year, he declared that he would inaugurate the New Year on January 1, 193 as a gladiator in the arena. In hindsight, he should have kept the tradition of adopting his successor, which would have resulted in an appointment based on merit. It's fair to say the audience is pretty attached to Maximus by the end of "Gladiator." Die ''Terme Taurine'' von Civitavecchia ein rmisches Heilbad. Disappointment aside, Aurelius continued to promote Commodus through the ranks. He served jointly with his father Marcus Aurelius from 177 until the latter's death in 180, and thereafter he reigned alone until his assassination. www.alexanderdoddy.com. [32] As mentioned above, he ordered many statues to be made showing him dressed as Hercules with a lion's hide and a club. The final fight of Ridley Scott's Gladiator is relatively short, but it works very well for the movie's somewhat historically accurate story. His victories were often welcomed by his bested opponents, as bearing scars dealt by the hand of an emperor was considered a mark of fortitude. A work of history that reads like fiction, The Gladiator brings to life Spartacus, Commodus, Caligula, and all of the other memorable players of the nearly thousand-year-long gladiatorial era. At the urging of his mistress Marcia, Commodus had Cleander beheaded and his son killed. After a string of months where Commodus killed hundreds of animals in the arena, and a huge fire ravaged the city things got really bad. Cleander was in fact the person who had murdered Saoterus. He also had four surviving sisters, all of them with husbands who were potential rivals. Dissatisfaction with this state of affairs would lead to a series of conspiracies and attempted coups, which in turn eventually provoked Commodus to take charge of affairs, which he did in an increasingly dictatorial manner. Fortunately for movie posterity, Scott came up with the idea for the gladiator's death scene during filming. Heinz, W. (1986). AtAncient Origins, we believe that one of the most important fields of knowledge we can pursue as human beings is our beginnings. Unfortunately, the damage to Rome was already done. ( Public Domain ). The movie doesn't answer this, and we never got to see "Gladiator 2." According to Aurelius, Commodus received his educational training with "an abundance of good masters.". [6][7] The latter died in 169 having failed to recover from an operation, which left Commodus as Marcus Aurelius's sole surviving son. Unlike Commodus, Maximus isn't driven by a desire for power but by loyalty to "the true emperor" whom Commodus murdered and to his family. Commodus is commonly regarded as being an inadequate and megalomaniacal emperor, but Gladiators distortion of history portrays him as exclusively and resolutely evil. The Death of Commodus, from a history book published in 1900. Also, in Britain in 184, the governor Ulpius Marcellus re-advanced the Roman frontier northward to the Antonine Wall, but the legionaries revolted against his harsh discipline and acclaimed another legate, Priscus, as emperor. The gladiator who defied an emperor. Disdaining the more philosophic inclinations of his father, Commodus was extremely proud of his physical prowess. During 191, the city of Rome was extensively damaged by a fire that raged for several days, during which many public buildings including the Temple of Pax, the Temple of Vesta, and parts of the imperial palace were destroyed. This caused much outrage, and inspired prefect Laetus to start a conspiracy to assassinate the emperor. Gibbon p. 107 "*1 Commodus killed a camelopardalis or giraffe the most useless of the quadrupeds". Faustina was the daughter of Roman Emperor Antoninus Pius and was Aurelius first cousin. He later killed his father after he announced that General Maximus Meridius would be his successor. Unlike Maximus, they all let him win, letting him injure them to a non-fatal degree and then conceding, per LA Times. Lucius Aurelius Commodus, born 161 A.D., was appointed co-emperor by his father Marcus Aurelius in 177 A.D. when he was just 16 years old. The Untersberg is a great mountain straddling the Austro-German border opposite Salzburg. The following year he became the youngest emperor and consul up to that point, at the age of 16. His mother was Annia Galeria Faustina, a member of the Roman nobility and the daughter of the emperor Antoninus Pius. Didius Julianus, the future emperor and a relative of Salvius Julianus, was dismissed from the governorship of Germania Inferior. [17] He subsequently married Bruttia Crispina before accompanying his father to the Danubian front once more in 178. Its protagonist, Maximus, is entirely fictitious. Gladiator is clearly influenced by aspects of history, but its specific storyline is definitively imaginative. 1. The first attempt used poisoned meat, but Commodus vomited it up. Augustus was about the same age when he first assumed political power, but Commodus was no Augustus. Now, researchers have proposed a hypothesis that seems to support the idea that the Ivar the Boneless was likely the son of legendary Viking king Ragnar Lothbrok, and raided alongside his father and brothers, eventually becoming ruler of York in England in the 9th century AD. English translation) UCLA Press, Berkeley CA (1961), 1.15.1-9, Dio Cassius 73.20.3, Loeb edition translated E. Cary, Gibbon p. 106 "disgorged at once a hundred lions; a hundred darts". On 27 November 176, Marcus Aurelius bestowed the title of Imperator on Commodus and in summer 177 he made him a full joint emperor by giving him the title of Augustus. Thrown into the spotlight as Rome . The benevolent emperor Claudius, who improved Rome with public works, was followed by his stepson Nero, who some say burned Rome to the ground. His tale was not believed and he was immediately put to death. And while some people may seem content with the story as it stands, our view is that there existcountless mysteries, scientific anomalies and surprising artifacts thathave yet to be discovered and explained. Russell Crowe's Maximus asks the crowd "Are you not entertained?" This rumor was further fueled by Commodus love for engaging in gladiator battles as an adult, which led to speculation that his father was indeed a gladiator with whom Faustina had an affair. Husband of Salonia Matidia: Levick (2014), p. 161. An illustration of the murder of Commmodus. The consensus was that it was below his office to participate as a gladiator. Commodus's assassination in 192, by a wrestler in the bath, marked the end of the NervaAntonine dynasty. His family is murdered, and he becomes a slave, and then sold off to become a gladiator. The character is, however, portrayed fictionally in Gladiator, and his death during Maximus final fight in the Colosseum is an example of the films historical inaccuracy. In 182 A.D., Commodus sister Lucilla organized an attempt on her brothers life. Commodus, who is portrayed by Joaquin Phoenix, was indeed the son of Marcus Aurelius (Richard Harris) and an emperor of Rome. Far from celebrating his descent from Marcus Aurelius, the actual source of his power, he stressed his own personal uniqueness as the bringer of a new order, seeking to re-cast the empire in his own image. [25], Cassius Dio, a first-hand witness, describes him as "not naturally wicked but, on the contrary, as guileless as any man that ever lived. It worked and the Nerva-Antonine dynasty which had ruled Rome for nearly a century had come to an end and the city soon descended into civil war. Maximus is a powerful Roman general, loved by the people and the aging Emperor, Marcus Aurelius. Commodus: The general who became a slave. Commodus's death marked the end of the NervaAntonine dynasty. What is the origin of the legend of the Christed Son who was born of a virgin on December 25th? However, in private practice fights, Commodus would slay his opponents. ( Naughtynimitz/CC BY-SA 3.0 ). In the spring of 190, Rome was afflicted by a food shortage, for which the praefectus annonae Papirius Dionysius, the official actually in charge of the grain supply, contrived to lay the blame on Cleander. He was left-handed and very proud of the fact. Commodus is known to have been at Carnuntum, the headquarters of Marcus Aurelius during the Marcomannic Wars, in 172. [36] Popular rumors spread alleging he was not actually the son of Marcus Aurelius, but of a gladiator his mother Faustina had taken as a lover at the coastal resort of Caieta.[37]. So superlatively mad had the abandoned wretch become that he renamed Rome Colonia Commodiana (the Colony of Commodus) and changed the names of the months to each reflect one of the many epithets he had bestowed upon himself. However, he always spared their lives. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. Roman Emperor Lucius Aurelius Commodus was a corrupt ruler who was not well-received by the Roman people during his reign. Instead, he devoted himself to his harem of 300 females and a like number of males, played gladiator at Rome's. However, the following year, a detachment of soldiers from Britain (they had been drafted to Italy to suppress brigands) also denounced Perennis to the emperor as plotting to make his own son emperor (they had been enabled to do so by Cleander, who was seeking to dispose of his rival), and Commodus gave them permission to execute him as well as his wife and sons. It was reputed in local legend to be the seat of the god Wotan and to be haunted. First, she attempted to kill him by poisoning his food. Only a famous death will do. Ein Gladiator (lateinisch gladiator zu gladius fr . Ulpius Marcellus was replaced as governor of Britain by Pertinax; brought to Rome and tried for treason, Marcellus narrowly escaped death. During his solo reign, the Roman Empire enjoyed reduced military conflict compared with the reign of Marcus Aurelius. While the true story behind his reign and death are fascinating, I prefer the fictional story, where he is killed in the arena before thousands of subjects by a gladiator whose family was ordered killed by the emperor. Updates? But now, the people want to know how the story ends. The executions of the senators had whet his appetite for blood and he devoted himself to combats of wild beasts and of men. Not merely content to hunt in private, the emperor began to perform in the Colosseum itself, competing as a gladiator to the delight of the crowds and horror of the senate, as depicted in Gladiator. The long line of ancient Roman emperors is marked by a strange pattern: Almost every exceptionally brilliant emperor was succeeded by an exceptionally mad one. Gladiator is a film invested in the concept of retribution. Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus was born on 31 August AD161 in Lanuvium, near Rome. Commodus was a greater curse to the Romans than any pestilence or any crime and the city had descended into bankruptcy and chaos. On 31 December 192 AD, Commodus's concubine [2] and conspirator Marcia poisoned Commodus's wine. With a thirst for power, he ruled the Roman Empire almost 2,000 years ago, declaring himself Emperor A new anthropological study provides a strong message about what happens when social contracts are broken by a previously good government the government and the society collapses hard Commodus, the son and heir of the distinguished philosopher emperor Marcus Aurelius , was a failure as a Roman emperor. Political influence then passed to the emperors mistress and two advisers. Commodus subsequently accompanied his father on a lengthy trip to the Eastern provinces, during which he visited Antioch. Indeed, director Ridley Scott's vision of Maximus slowly walking toward his family through the fields of their farm as he's dying is one of the most moving moments in movie history. The real Commodus was also a gladiator superfan, and he really did get in the arena and fight people. As promised in another well-known speech, Maximus does indeed have his revenge on father-/emperor-/wife-/child-killer Commodus (Joaquin Phoenix). Commodus, in full Caesar Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus Augustus, original name (until 180 ce) Lucius Aelius Aurelius Commodus, (born August 31, 161 ce, Lanuvium, Latium [now Lanuvio, Italy]died December 31, 192), Roman emperor from 177 to 192 (sole emperor after 180). And what could be more glorious than to challenge the Emperor himself in the great arena? Reigning from 180 to 192 A.D., Commodus all but ignored his official duties. Early Life - Chapter I: 1:03. Dying and going to Elysium is a more fitting reward for him than taking control of Rome. After those attempts on his life, Commodus spent much of his time outside Rome, mostly on the family estates at Lanuvium. Despite his notoriety, and considering the importance of his reign, Commodus's years in power are not well chronicled. Our open community is dedicated to digging into the origins of our species on planet earth, and question wherever the discoveries might take us. And the wise Marcus Aurelius, known as the Philosopher and the last of the Five Good Emperors, would be succeeded by his son Commodus, whose descent into madness would be immortalized throughout the millennia (including a heavily fictionalized account in the popular 2000 film Gladiator). The activities which held Commodus attention and with which he spent his time were primarily surrounding gladiatorial combat. He would take to the arena and engage in combat, which the Romans viewed as being scandalous and disgraceful. "Commodus' progeny will rule Rome!" "Back!" yelled the Praetorian guard. Commodus was also known for fighting exotic animals in the arena, often to the horror and disgust of the Roman populace. Bust of Commodus as Hercules, hence the lion skin and the club. A bust of Commodus as a youth. His great simplicity, however, together with his cowardice, made him the slave of his companions, and it was through them that he at first, out of ignorance, missed the better life and then was led on into lustful and cruel habits, which soon became second nature."[26]. The first, Sextus Tigidius Perennis, Commodus put to death after becoming convinced he was conspiring against him. In the view of Dio Cassius, his accession marked the descent "from a kingdom of gold to one of iron and rust".[20]. Only a famous death will do. Striking story! It was presumably there that, on 15 October 172, he was given the victory title Germanicus, in the presence of the army. The climax came in the year 190, which had 25 suffect consuls a record in the 1,000-year history of the Roman consulshipall appointed by Cleander (they included the future Emperor Septimius Severus). [7], He was looked after by his father's physician, Galen,[8][9] who treated many of Commodus's common illnesses. 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