Truth-telling about the wrongs of the past is necessary for reconciliation. 0000007199 00000 n Gardner, Peter, 'The Warrigal Creek massacre', Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, pp. [10], When the squatters began occupying Kurnai territory with their herds of sheep and cattle, conflict soon followed. It may be student work out of Swinburne. [40] Otherwise, he has no involvement in the story. 0000010708 00000 n George Dunderdale was the Clerk of Courts at Alberton and lived at Tarraville from 1869 to 1889. [60] Dunderdales geography was correct and it is just possible he knew who he was referring to, given that he arrived in the district just twenty-six years after the event he describedwell within living memory. 0000020673 00000 n 0000008955 00000 n startxref He recorded that there were fifty-five Prisoners of the Crown in Gippsland, nine of whom were in government service. People need to feel that their voices and stories are heard and we need to listen with humility because theres not just emotional hurt there, but also terrible physical pain, Irving says. the Warrigal Creek massacre - possibly even a participant in it 10. Second, Hatcher arrived in Gippsland several months after Tyers, so it was just a tad late to be a cover-up. In July 1844 he wrote, I regret however to observe that the depredations of the Aborigines continue and that the small police force at my disposal is inadequate to put a stop to them. He went on to describe how the natives have been very troublesome, killing 90 head of cattle belonging to Mr Sparks, at various times, and many belonging to Mr Jones. 29 May 2018. They murdered, according to Gippslander, 150 at Warrigal Creek, which would make it one of the largest known massacres of Aborigines in Australian history.[36]. endobj In Chapter 1 of Gippsland Massacres, he states: There was a brigade formed by McMillan, which according to Gippslander, was called the Highland Brigade, and mainly consisted of Scotsmen who swore before God and their Queen not to inform on their fellow desperados, and to maintain complete secrecy of the affair in which they were about to participate. Like Dunderdale and Thomas, he did not mention a mythical Highland Brigade and he was clearly not constrained by Gardners imaginary secrecy. endobj The creek is on a farm 40 kilometres (25mi) south of Sale, and 200 kilometres (120mi) east of Melbourne, in the South Gippsland area of Victoria, Australia. Just before European settlement, the Kurnai raided as far as Brighton and Arthurs Seat on Port Phillip Baya distance of at least 120 kilometres as the crow fliesand they are believed to have wiped out about half of the Bunurong. [2] Some historians assert that the number of 60 is an exaggeration, despite the witness accounts. The murder of his nephew gave him both a professional and a family interest in chastising the criminals, and he soon organised a party to look for them. He calls them The McMillan Massacres. xX[~`*E}KgnvqEd%$4?9h1s7KDE+>RT*;[(b endstream Home; News; Entertainment; Sport; Galleries; Competitions; . Following the screening, VMIAC will facilitate a discussion about the film and its importance in understanding the effects of colonisation and inter-generational trauma and resilience for First Nations peoples. I think the first thing for Gippsland is to acknowledge that it does have that history, like other places where bad things have happened, where massacres have occurred, where theres some acknowledgement of whats occurred instead of masking it, a Gurnaikurnai elder, Doris Paton, told the film-makers Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. If you would like to participate, visit the project page. McMillans employer, Captain Lachlan Macalister, described the squatters as legally authorised occupiers of Crown lands. Hatcher appears to suggest that there was a massacre at Bruthen Creek; Gardner has either ignored or failed to grasp this to make the account fit his Warrigal Creek narrative. As fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot.. MAR 12/02/2019. [13], The squatting runs were large tracts of unfenced landMacalister had 100 square mileswhere livestock was left in charge of shepherds and hut keepers whose job it was to tend the livestock and prevent it from straying. This account is much closer in time to what may have happened at Warrigal Creek but Bell did not reveal how he knew of the massacres. [6=ViWy|4X$l`DvNk#F/W/kO>{Z_:/\ 'lrgQvFY+fGQ 4\y~QVG[\^aeiQ>mx2k |#R[?#5M. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. Stay updated on Warrigal Creek Massacre Documentary Screening and find even more events in Warragul. This 50-minute documentary directed by Lisa Gye and Andrew Dodd examines a day in 1843 when 150 Indigenous men, women and children were slaughtered on the banks of what is now Warrigal Creek in Gippsland. The Commissariat let annual tenders for the supply of fresh meat and other staples. Unfortunately, in Gippsland, his diatribe against McMillan has been conflated with issues such as Reconciliation and Black Lives Matter. Still from the Warrigal Creek Documentary produced by Swinburne University Introduction On 30 December 2020 Quadrant published an article entitled "The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal?" by Wayne Caldow1, which was a general attack on my work and in particular on the Warrigal Creek massacre. endobj ktp33#`r[vhJ hR,t%434qrZQ7z Runaways from the settlers, and others have located themselves in some vacated huts on the Tara River, rendering it dangerous for passengers to approach this neighbourhood Your Excellency cannot for the sake of humanity, good government, well-being, and the safety of this district, much longer withhold from us the protection of those laws which we have a right to demand at your Excellencys hands [21]. [45] Australasian 15 September 1923 p. 55; 31 January 1925; Glen Innes Examiner 31 August 1911 p. 6; Smiths Weekly 12 April 1919, p. 15, [47] Gardner (1990) Our Murdering Founding Father, Ngarak Press, Ensay, p. 40, [51] Stephens, Margeurita, transcribed from the journal of William Thomas; cited on Peter Crowleys website Snow on the Jeeralangs, [52]Adams, John (1990) From These Beginnings, Alberton Shire Council, Yarram, p. 21, [54] Tyers, Charles 1859 Submission to the Select Committee on Aborigines, Government Printer, Melbourne, p.77, [56] Gippsland Times 24 June 2020 (on-line edition), [57] Dunderdale, George (1898) The Book of the Bush, Ward Locke, London, pp.214- 215, [60] County Lands in the Parishes of Bundalaguah and Nuntin, 1857, W T Dawson, District Surveyor, on-line copy, NLA. For them to do that and come up with a shared name was a major achievement. Thats not to say they dont exist, but if you have knowledge of such I would be grateful to know it. Considering that Gardner has political motives and a disdain for objectivity, his work should perhaps be seen as a political campaign rather than as history. The reference to Bundalaguah Swamp has previously escaped notice. [14], Conflict with the Kurnai was not restricted to the Europeans. We are yet to have a complete understanding of Gippsland in the 1840s. These passages represent the sum total of Gardners evidence against McMillan (left), but he does not explain how the story implicates McMillan. x]xG)mIq$hpwwR+VKqPMps^63.ffv>Y ?hiO#'FZ@&.JGr4O,D5nHEK{GDs ,2fspcd88qpB[V,4~nfrpe8,$Y}i{rq]v9sl{3g &6mBRii&"0k2dZNPR5foHWJcJWLlel+_0d)[Vs[ ])[UJT+Wd41 0000016727 00000 n 0000001456 00000 n He also stated: There are many persons congregated in Alberton, without any visible means of earning a livelihood, a parcel of the most lawless rogues. In July 1843, up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were killed near the banks of what is now known as Warrigal Creek. Fri., 27 May 20225:00 pm 8:30 pm AEST, Siteworks Workroom 233 Saxon StreetBrunswick, VIC 3056. But we strive to be one people, equality of opportunity for all, no privilege by birth, truly one nation. Robinsons comments are significant in that he was revealing that escaped convicts were responsible for mistreating the Kurnai. Frustrated with the hidden history of the massacre, the makers of this 50-minute documentary sought oral histories and combed through archival works to capture and relay the truth of Australias violent past. Their submission was denied; McMillan was renamed the Monash electorate instead. Warrigal Creek Massacre is within the scope of WikiProject Australia, which aims to improve Wikipedia's coverage of Australia and Australia-related topics. <> 12 [35] This simplistic reductionism obscures the complexity of Gippslands early history, evident in his rejection of Robinsons observations on the escaped convicts. Where I live you can almost point in every direction [to a massacre site], he says. Is there any aspect of our history that has now not been corrupted by the SJWs? At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. y]\lt`(+WT5[y&Z}_~PbEH/XFN4Kz+Vb)44BQ?Zh*Y Eo4/xhJk In 1845, Tyers reported on the Aborigines, stating: In the early part of 1843as I have been informed, some of the Corner Inlet tribe were occasionally employed by the few Settlers at Port Albert in carrying fire wood and in other light work for which they generally received payment in flour & cbut since the unprovoked murder of Mr Ronald Macalister by them at Port Albert, about that time, they have not been seen in the neighbourhood. We wish to pay respect to Elders past, present and emerging. [33] His work was cited widely in a motion to remove monuments to McMillan put before the Wellington Shire Council in June 2020. ]V)cxN:*e%{ZXi8C -[Y1d-ZZ. [40] Gippslander (1925) Experiences with Gippsland blacks, The Gap, Education Department, Bairnsdale Inspectorate, Omeo, pp 5-6. This essay appears in Decembers Quadrant. To implicate McMillan, Gardner imputed words and meaning into this story that are simply not there, rendering his narrative both perplexing and questionable. While we are not personally responsible we continue to live different experiences from these events; some of privilege, some of disadvantage, some unknowing. A documentary was made in 2018 and a federal electorate was renamed that year to remove the legacy of Angus McMillan, the alleged instigator, who is otherwise remembered as an explorer, squatter, MP and Protector of Aborigines. There are two significant aspects to this story: Dunderdale specifically named Lachlan Macalister as the perpetrator and he added the caveat on the death toll. Bookings free, but essential. External Lived Experience Employment Opportunities, Complete the VMIAC Conference 2023 Survey, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 17.02.2023, New Consumer Register Opportunity: Access Policy & Triage Guidelines, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 03.02.2023, CEO Update with Craig Wallace | 20.01.2023. [11] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2, [13] Port Phillip Patriot 23 December 1841, p. 3, [15] Fels, Marie Hansen (2010) I Succeeded Once: The Aboriginal Protectorate on the Mornington Peninsula 1839-1840 , ANU E-Press, pp 249-271, [16] See also: George Henry Haydon (1846) Five Years Experience in Australia Felix pp151-152 (on-line edition), [17] Port Phillip Gazette 30 April 1845 p.2, [18] Gardner, P D (2005) The Myth of Tribal Warfare On-line essay, [20] Geelong Advertiser 5 August 1843, p.2, [21] Sydney Morning Herald 6 September 1843, p.2. endobj [37] Again, no proof is offered. searching events in no time. Drawing on official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of The Warrigal Creek Massacre. ~]}.>xxs6s;^^`MjEa 5oA/P;uv!MU~86>>iBTju?#Ghnudlnr\;u?pIyo%# if+;J6fLA,4lMMhn]Zrg b_tr>b$3]wG4?mdw # 7Lw/_Mx+47nY;N9Uvs1;. The newspapers indicate that the murder was not an isolated event and occurred within a wider context of anarchy and violence involving the Kurnai and the convicts. In October that year, ninety-seven Kurnai warriors made a revenge raid into Bunurong territory. While the murder was well documented in contemporary newspaper accounts, the reports also indicate that by mid-1843, Gippsland was in a state of disarray. Around 60 Indigenous Australians were killed, and many more were wounded. Gardners evidence for Angus McMillans involvement in the Warrigal Creek massacre consists of a story written for The Gap school magazine in 1925 by William Hoddinott under the pseudonym of Gippslander. The next day, while on horseback, he was speared through the neck from behind. 16 0 obj << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R Coincidentally or not, the Australasian newspaper published stories between 1923 and 1925 with a one-eyed Aboriginal character named Bing-eye; the term club foot was ubiquitous. At the end of 1845, Tyers wrote a follow-up report stating: since the return of the Native Police to Head Quarters the depredations of the Aborigines of the District on the property of the Settlers, including horses as well as horned stock, have increased to an alarming extentand that I cannot at present suggest any other means of prevention, than the continuing service of the Native Police.[27]. I knew two blacks, who though wounded came out of the hole alive. This mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and the Highland Brigade. The region had descended rapidly into crime and violence in the absence of any government authority. There were simple economic facts that led to this. NAIDOC Week 2019. The Warrigal Creek Massacre on Vimeo. 0000020971 00000 n Events.com Browse is curated to help you find and attend events you love. [50] This raises two issues: first, this is a fallacious misuse of the material; Hatcher said the bones might be gathered uphis might be has transmogrified into Gardners were. The mainland squatters wanted a share of this market and the Van Diemens Land butchers with Commissariat contracts needed to obtain livestock at the lowest price possible. 0000020785 00000 n The statistical discrepancies likely emerged because Macmillan's group killed Aboriginal people at five different locations in the area. He was afterwards adopted by one of the party and called Bing Eye. When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. 0000023940 00000 n Every day I look over and make sure things look peaceful there.. Lachlan Macalisters demand of Gipps to provide protection for the settlers gives the impression that the settlers were on the defensive against both the Kurnai and the convicts. [10] Caldow (2012) p.25; Caldow W (2010) The early livestock trade between Gippsland and Van Diemens Land: insights from Patrick Coady Buckleys journal of 1844. @7k_|F_j}t'J'fu_}"Y5Xgx{ps:KQb#wOQ:/[]6Hy One was a boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old. 6az Q";cM;|?)/ Bg~VK7QVK_6 +K}\\&h"DmWK+^>Pnu"8H8@sF1jO-@g?XjGs=2]v'x9y[6p X &.-Yl;;]+/[r=w(\QwG SDB?#86mXpqrOzX\R++QkEfz75Br,=t'F4_]Ug@dNq{":Q7 &DvB )vBqKwbm%aM!._aiaekE)hc_9lujzR10IrR--6HWXSA[Wd{DS#~}wDvenr,rFU-}aOe(d}b 3 0 obj xref stream Bookings free, but essential. However, he has not included a much earlier reference to the massacre. The Gippslander account mentions the Highland Brigade and a death toll of 100 to 150, but McMillans involvement, Scotsmen, the swearing to God and the Queen, and secrecy, are entirely Gardners creation. x[Ys~W`R.$7nN$QI.%>pA>\83FOT]K!+qq{|$E hj]Qw >|nQ)jn'L-.~>>ze)/[B_=|?b1R2Kz~&>,g0cppJBw'YzDh/sZOfyfALsn/P%v=3jeVy~;>H"Oj4**@EBxT14:=l3\Es`eeJZT%L}nz`^Kgxh |[jXaxqGw"0'JH-i`L>_n#&,6IvGr:hu'j^xsFo}\vfuklR4f/eK-fig;)pE?itkoe~x-gd}Y~N0f=)` s[/wE\|(u2|Jvp:n He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the 'brigade' from one camp to another.". Part III: Other Versions of the Massacre Story. This raises the inevitable question of whether the massacre story, based on Gardners interpretation, should be seen as historical fact or an apocryphal tale. There is now a documentary on the Warrigal Creek Massacre, near Woodside, north of Yarram. share events with your friends and make the most out of every experience. In Chapter 4, he gives another rendition of the Gippslander story, stating the massacre was lead [sic] by McMillan. They were feared by their tribal enemies for their ability to attack at nighta skill the Europeans were to encounter.[5]. 0000885516 00000 n A Scottish colonist, called Angus McMillan, led a group of about 20 settlers who . And when Gippsland comes to terms with what happened, and why it happened, theres an opportunity to talk much better about that history.. Film Screening The Warrigal Creek Massacre This country has a hidden history that is not widely acknowledged. Could you help us please? In a letter to the Age in August 1874, R.L. 4 0 obj Bunjileene was a leader of the Gunaikurnai people and Purrine was the head of the Lowanjerri tribe of the Bunurong. % <<6C2049F009130640B9B98E7F057F832E>]/Prev 1164416/XRefStm 1766>> [30] Escapees living outside the law would therefore have posed a dire threat to the Kurnai. In the revised edition of Gippsland Massacres, Gardner reinvented the account, claiming the bones were carried away from the [Warrigal] Creek by the cartload. An excellent and detailed correction of Gardner. From 1840, increased numbers of convicts were sent to Van Diemens Land after the cessation of transportation to New South Wales. But that creek, Warrigal, has seen unimaginable horrors. [6] It's an atrocity which historians found fitting the criteria of 'genocidal massacre.' [3] One thing is clear from his work: the Kurnai men were warriors. Searching for information on frontier conflict in old newspapers (film or hard copy) was the proverbial "needle in a haystack" task - time consuming and exhausting with few . Personally, it,s hard to know who to believe, such is my lack of confidence. Thomas wrote in April 1845: He said he and another man had come unarmed from Gippsland. Create events for free. Light refreshments will be available. Facebook. [38], I knew two blacks who, though wounded, came out of that hole alive. 4751, June, 1980. It also suggests that the squatters were unprepared for the resistance they faced. Viki Sinclair, another member of the group who is descended from a member of McMillans Highland Brigade, says: Its the first time around here that the Aboriginal groups came across with groups like ours to work on something like this and it was something important to tackle and do together. Sell more tickets through digital marketing. The Kurnai people were the indigenous inhabitants of Gippsland when the first Europeans arrived. 0000001936 00000 n 5 0 obj I knew two blacks, who though wounded came out of the hole alive. /TT4 13 0 R /TT6 15 0 R /TT1 10 0 R >> /XObject << /Im2 16 0 R /Im3 18 0 R Elizabeth Balderstone stands next to Warrigal Creek on her farm in Victoria the site of an 1843 massacre. <>/ExtGState<>/XObject<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageB/ImageC/ImageI] >>/MediaBox[ 0 0 595.4 841.8] /Contents 4 0 R/Group<>/Tabs/S/StructParents 0>> Gardner prefaced the following quote from Gippslander stating that after the murder of Macalister, An avenging party set out under the leadership of Angus McMillan , The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for a breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. Oh how I wished I had written down the stories my grandmother used to regale us with. Required fields are marked *. In July 1843 Angus McMillan and a group of his countrymen known as the Highland Brigade shot between 60 and 150 Gunaikurnai people in retribution for the murder of Ronald Macalister, the nephew of a wealthy pastoralist, Lachlan Macalister, who owned a local station called Nuntin. 5|ya"R=:(O)Y?vM=u(f!ygaR@Dfx*qVhCqE CML@Ishk4 C&YE$A9M#~gyHN#,H^(eC:Z;o=ni!|"V?bx6c49Y+b FyELe_`GGWy&2SpKeQPZY4)OEe The blacks were found encamped near a waterhole at Gammon Creek, and those who were shot were thrown into it, to the number, it was said, of about sixty, men, women, and children; but this was probably an exaggeration.[57]. [3] Their customs and society were studied in detail by Alfred W. Howitt, but due to violence and the effects of disease, alcohol and the mission system, much traditional knowledge had already been lost by the time he began recording information in the mid-1860s. Please note and use or adapt the following words. %%EOF Tyerss Convict Return for 1844 shows that convict labour was an integral part of the squatter economy. ?6m-^a_DD/UJ[ This page was last edited on 26 February 2023, at 01:43. 27 May - 3 June. According to Gardner, the Warrigal Creek massacre was revenge for his murder. In an essay on Gippsland from April 1843, Henry Bebb Morris described a mock fight between six Kurnai men using spears, boomerangs and waddies: they are small men, and when in repose would not be remarked for beauty or figure, but under the excitement of the fight they put every muscle into motion, and threw themselves into attitudes which would have graced a Grecian warrior. *OAQg( n}wWdcKuYl7nfTTYP0|8o6rlBUb[O>03v-Jg1]sng~f5!M .]e?n? 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