Scaffold components cannot be mixed if they are from different manufacturers unless they fit together without force. Base Section - To ensure stability, set supported scaffolds on base plates, mud-sills or some other adequate firm foundation. A scaffold must be erected "plumb, square, and level," because: If a scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift, potentially causing the overloading of one leg and the eventual collapse of the scaffold. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35 foot vertical intervals. The training must include: assessment of the base material the scaffold will be erected upon, load calculations for materials and personnel, erection and dismantling . The objective is to reduce the tripping hazard by having the ends of the top layer of planks form a straight line, rather than a saw-toothed edge, which increases tripping hazards. Metal pumpjack scaffolds cannot be more than 13.7 m in height; and must be braced every 4.6 m. Pumpjack scaffolds with supports made of wood must not be more than 7.3 m in height and must be braced every 3 m. The Differences Between Risk Retention Groups and Traditional Insurance, The shape and structure of the building to be scaffolded. Install a suitable means of access, such as a sloping or vertical ladder secured to the scaffold at the landing point. Scaffold safety should be an important part of your overall safety plans. Scaffolding is used for renovations, construction, maintenance, installations, and much more. Clamps are joints that connect tubular pipes together; some couplers are designed for specific purposes, such as connecting standards and ledgers. [. Extreme weather or damage to structural components can also affect a scaffold's stability. Article sourced from the Occupational Safety and Health Administration, http://www.OSHA.gov. A door or window can be installed perfectly LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE on one side, but if the other side's aren't LEVEL, PLUMB & SQUARE . [, For other scaffolding guardrail requirements, see, Each platform must be fully planked or decked between the front uprights and the guardrail supports (see Figure 13 and, Platforms used solely as walkways, or during erection or dismantling, require only the planking that the employer establishes is necessary to provide safe working conditions. He fell 16 feet to the ground, sustaining facial fractures and other injuries. For lathing and plastering, a gap of 18 inches is permitted. Unstable objects, such as bricks, cinder blocks, buckets, scrap lumber, etc., shall not be used to support or level scaffolds. [, A scaffold stairway width of at least 18 inches between stair rails. [29 CFR 1926.451(f)(5)]. This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. To counteract this, the scaffold must be braced or tied off to a stable structure such as a structural steel. 2011 Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University | Website Feedback. One must also consider all the necessary components and hardware needed in order to have the safest most accessible construction work platform. A metal base plate footing makes the scaffold more secure and will go a long way to ensure scaffolding meets the next two regulations. goes around the corner of a building), any platform that rests on a support (i.e. Tube and coupler scaffold design must comply with 29 CFR 1926.451-.452. [, Guys, ties, and braces must be installed according to the scaffold manufacturer's recommendations or at the closest horizontal member to the 4:1 height ratio and be repeated every 20 vertical feet for narrow scaffolds (3 feet or less in width), and every 26 vertical feet for scaffolds greater than 3 feet in width. The other five workers were hospitalized with electrical burns. the type of scaffold in question. Platforms and walkways, in general, must be at least 18 inches wide. Use footings that are level, sound, rigid and capable of supporting the load without settlement or displacement. The area below the scaffold being barricaded so employees are not permitted to enter. Where the frame of the scaffold will be used for access, the manufacturer must specify in writing that it was designed for such purposes. We use cookies to optimize our website and our service. Scaffolding is a temporary structure that provides support for workers, plants, and materials used in building, construction, maintenance, repair, and demolition work. Scaffold frames (i.e. Improper Access Leads to Serious Injuries. Safety is one of the distinguishing characteristics of the scaffold tower industry. Be sure scaffold stays plumb and level as . In general, a level is the easiest way to achieve the desired right angles. rather than a scaffolding set; the tower will be much shorter and easier to tear down and construct, though it will only be suitable for smaller jobs. Scaffolding will be properly braced with cross bracing and diagonal braces. . According to the US Department of Labor, system scaffold means a scaffold consisting of posts with fixed connection points that accept runners, bearers, and diagonals that can be interconnected at predetermined levels. Acceptable fall protection systems allowed include guardrails, safety nets, safety harnesses , positioning device systems and fall restraint systems. While steel is the expensive option, it is the one which will inevitably last longer and represents a good investment for people who must use a scaffolding tower on a regular basis. _____ 1. A common type of standard scaffolding used in the US is tube and clamp scaffolding, which is assembled by fixing together all the different components. This topic discusses supported scaffolds. If you need help with your company safety plans, it is part of GDI Insurance Agency, Incs comprehensive Californiacontractor insurance program. Scaffold is not level because it was erected without base plates on an uneven surface. The forklift is not moved horizontally while the platform is occupied. Runners and bearers must be installed on edge. Except when used only as a walkway, the platform is the work area of the scaffold. The working surface was solidly planked. [, Be seated with side-brackets parallel to the frames, and end-brackets at 90 degrees to the frames. Workers are most vulnerable to fall hazards when climbing on or off a scaffold. The amount of time needed to erect and dismantle the scaffold. Shapes materials to prescribed measurements, using saws, chisels, and planes. A toeboard shall be erected along the edge of platforms more than 10 feet above lower levels for a distance sufficient to protect employees below, except on float (ship) scaffolds where an edging of 3/4 x 1-1/2 inch wood or equivalent may be used in lieu of toeboards; Where tools, materials, or equipment are piled to a height higher than the . They should be installed along all open sides and at both ends of platforms, except when used as a walkway, the platform is the main working area of the scaffold. Check out our special shipping rates! Training shall include [. He fell to the ground, sustaining a fatal blow to his head. Secure scaffolds to the structure during erection and dismantling. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for anonymous statistical purposes. [, Be specifically designed and constructed for use as ladder rungs. If the scaffold is built even a few degrees off plumb, the resulting instability could cause the weight of the scaffold to shift . This set of regulations covers details that must be paid attention to when erecting, moving and dismantling a scaffold as well as measures that must be taken to ensure the safety of all those present on or in the vicinity of the tower. The top edge height of toprails on supported scaffolds must be between 36 inches and 45 inches. 1. [, Do not load the scaffold or any component parts beyond their maximum capacity (their own weight and 4:1 the maximum intended load). Scaffolds are generally rated as light, medium or heavy duty and must be able to support the correlating weight of workers and materials required for each type. They may, however, be treated periodically with clear preservatives, fire-retardants, and/or slip-resistant finishes. [, A stair rail consisting of a toprail and a midrail on each side of the stairway. A specific access, such as a mounted ladder, must be used. Don't use bricks, blocks, barrels, or other unstable objects to level a scaffold. Personal fall protection must be required and provided by the employer where the installation and use of such protection is feasible and does not create a greater hazard. Specific requirements are described below. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. The work deck must be fully planked. This will determine how many of each component you will need. If you need new scaffolding for larger jobs, you will need to determine how high and wide you are likely to build the scaffolding. 1926.454 [, Scaffolds are to be erected, moved, dismantled, or altered only under the supervision of a competent person qualified in such activities. Erectors and dismantlers face additional access problems due to the incomplete condition of the scaffolding. [, Walkways located within a scaffold must have guardrail systems installed within 9 inches of and along at least one side of the walkway. When conditions warrant, the height of the top edge may exceed the 45-inch height, provided the guardrail system meets all other criteria. Since it is an elevated platform, the stability decreases as the height increases. A checklist of items a competent person should complete daily for scaffold safety. 1. [, When platforms must overlap because a scaffold changes direction, such as turning a corner, platforms that rest on a bearer at an angle other than a right angle shall be laid first, and platforms that rest at right angles over the same bearer shall be laid second, on top of the first platform. Before starting any scaffold project, the employer should conduct a hazard assessment to ensure the safety of workers. Has a platform that is at least 500mm wide. 4. Ties, guys, bracing and/or outriggers may be needed to assure a safe, stable scaffold assembly. Do not force frames or braces to fit - level the scaffold until proper fit can easily be made. perfectly vertical) and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. 6. Step 2. Duty level of scaffold is based on the chart below. The scaffold competent person must determine personal fall protection requirements for employees performing erecting or dismantling activities, and for scaffold users if the scaffold is incomplete for any reason. The drawback to stairways, however, is the amount of space they are likely to take up in the overall structure. Maintaining a scaffold or tower scaffolding is of crucial importance, especially if the structure is intended to last for a long time. [, Uniform riser height, within -inch, for each flight of stairs. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic Secure access to the scaffold. Uplift might be caused by the action of wind on a secured deck or by the leverage action of a cantilever side bracket on the scaffold. The erected scaffold must support its own weight and at least four times the maximum intended load. Note: Except where . [, Scaffold components made of dissimilar metals must not be used together unless a competent person has determined that galvanic action will not reduce the strength of any component below OSHA standards. [, Scaffold platforms and walkways must be at least 18 inches wide, unless they are used in areas that the employer can demonstrate are so narrow that they must be less than 18 inches wide. Most screw jacks will have a built-in stop so that the maximum height cannot be exceeded. [, Be positioned so that their bottom step is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level, [, Have rest platforms at maximum vertical intervals of 12 feet, [, Have a minimum step width of 16 inches, except for mobile scaffold stairway-type ladders, which shall have a minimum step width of 11 inches [, Have slip-resistant treads on all steps and landings. Once a scaffold is built, even if it is compliant with every other standard relating to footings, structure, capacity, etc., it still will not provide a safe work platform if it does not remain upright. For example, if the base width is three feet, the first vertical tie will be (3 feet x 4) 12 feet from the ground. Plumb and level scaffold. [, Sufficient handhold on handrails, and toprails serving as handrails, for employees grasping them to avoid falling. [, When moving platforms to the next level, the existing platform must be left undisturbed until the new end frames have been set in place and braced. The main components are scaffolding tubes, scaffold clamps, and base plates. Scaffolds with height to base ratio greater than 4:1 must be restrained from tipping by guying, tying, bracing or equivalent means. Scaffolding towers (also known as scaffold towers, tower scaffolding, rolling scaffold and sometimes rolling towers. As they were lifting the scaffold, the top section partially separated from the adjoining section, toppled over, and contacted a power line. Place the planks. Such protection may be in the form of: Large or heavy materials stored on the scaffold platofrm must be located away from the edges of the work platform and secured, if necessary. Planking on this platform should be six planks wide, instead of only two. Guardrails May Have Saved Him, Occupational Safety and Health Administration, Outreach Training Program (10- and 30-hour Cards), OSHA Training Institute Education Centers, Electrical Incidents: Lack of Ground-Fault Protection, Severe Storm and Flood Recovery Assistance, Scaffolding : Supported Scaffolds - Frame or Fabricated, In order to assure stability, supported scaffolds must be set on [, Footings must be capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement. Fabricated frame scaffolds are the most common type of scaffold because they are versatile, economical, and easy to use. To make sure the scaffold is level, use a level on a horizontal support or bearer. Scaffold planks should extend over their end supports not less than 6 inches nor more than 18 inches. Critical to scaffolding safety are the use of competent persons for the design, erection/dismantling, and maintenance of scaffolds, and trained workers for their use. Scaffolds need to be erected plumb, level, squared and braced to . [, Stairways installed between 40 degrees and 60 degrees from the horizontal. [29 CFR 1926.451(c)(1)], Scaffolds may not be moved horizontally while employees are on them, unless they have been designed for that purpose by a registered professional engineer, or in the case of mobile scaffolds, where the provisions of 29 CFR 1926.452(w) are followed. B.13 Scaffolds (other than suspended scaffolds) shall bear on . Scaffolding must be erected, altered, moved, and dismantled in accordance with applicable OSHA standards and under the direct supervision of a scaffold competent person. Each frame or panel shall be braced by horizontal bracing, cross bracing, diagonal bracing or any combination thereof for securing vertical members together laterally. by Grant Davis | Construction, Insurance, Safety Tips | 0 comments. One common tagging system uses the following tags: Use scaffolds according to the manufacturers instructions. When dismantling the scaffold, check to ensure that the scaffold has not been structurally altered in a way that would make it unsafe. Erect plumb, square and rigid with all brace connections securely fastened. Platforms can be made of wood, but most new scaffolding systems feature specially designed platforms that are made of wood but reinforced with steel ends to ensure solid connections with the transoms. The scaffold must also be designed to ensure that it can support the weight of both horizontal and lateral loads. Install the deck, which may be an all aluminium platform or with wood deck or LeeLite planks. (For mobile scaffolds, the maximum height of the screw jack is 12 inches.). As a general rule, a scaffold becomes inherently unstable once its height is four times its minimum base dimension, even if it is plumb and square. [, Any part of a scaffold that has been damaged or weakened so that it no longer meets OSHA strength requirements must either be repaired, replaced, braced, or removed from service. Has lockable wheels if it is a mobile rolling scaffold. Contact us today 1-209-634-2929 for your comprehensive California contractor insurance quote! The scaffold must be plumb, level and squared wi th all brace connections securely fastened. (. (Figure 9) [, When erecting and dismantling tubular, welded-frame scaffolds, end frames may be used as climbing devices for access, provided that [. Bracing Connect panels and frames with diagonal, horizontal, or cross braces along or as a combination, in order to laterally secure the vertical members. All joints must be [, When intermediate members (such as balusters or additional rails) are used, they must be no more than 19 inches apart. [, Ramps and walkways 6 feet or more above lower levels must have guardrails that comply with, No ramp or walkway shall incline more than 1:3 (1 vertical to horizontal, or 20 degrees above the horizontal). A plumb bob uses gravity to help you align things properly. Heavy-duty scaffolds can support 75 pounds per square foot. Is erected plumb and level. These are only a few basic physical structures of scaffold towers. Some people would like their own customized scaffold towers. 5. Plumb and level all scaffolds as the erection proceeds. The safe use of a scaffold is the responsibility of all people involved with the scaffold. Because the number of injuries from . and must be provided on any scaffold 10 feet or more above a lower level. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Be supported by bearing blocks securely attached to the poles. Therefore, an inspection of a scaffold platform requires safety checks of both the platform structure and how the platform is used by the workers. Personal fall arrest systems used on scaffolds are required when the guardrail system is incomplete or does not provide adequate protection. Without a subpoena, voluntary compliance on the part of your Internet Service Provider, or additional records from a third party, information stored or retrieved for this purpose alone cannot usually be used to identify you. Make sure the scaffold is stable. l) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds will be plumb, secured, and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and/or displacement. [, Have rest platforms provided at a maximum of 35-foot vertical intervals. To accomplish this, the scaffold design must incorporate a realistic . (k) The poles, legs, or uprights of scaffolds must be plumb, and securely and rigidly braced to prevent swaying and displacement. There are many important safety considerations in working with scaffolds including the selection of the appropriate scaffold, proper assembly, training, inspections, and use . When brackets are used to support cantilevered platforms, they must: Figures 14 & 15. Personal Fall Arrest System. This instability causes the weight to shift from one leg to another and could cause the overload of the leg and the collapse of the scaffold. Plumb and level the scaffold as it is being erected. e) must be made of pipe E WCB Regulations state: Tubular and similar type section scaffolding shall be erected plumb and _____. [29 CFR 1926.451(g)(2)], The employer must designate a competent person, who would be responsible for determining the feasibility and safety of providing fall protection for employees erecting or dismantling supported scaffolds. Point loading, or concentrating too much of the load in one area. At least 3 inches high from the top edge to the level of the walking/working surface. The following procedures will cover all scaffolding erected, . [, Ties, guys, braces, or outriggers shall be used to prevent tipping of supported scaffolds bearing eccentric loads, such as cantilevered work platforms. NOTE: Except where indicated, these requirements also apply to manually propelled, pump jack, ladder jack, tube and coupler, and pole scaffolds as well as the specialty scaffolds described in the Supported Scaffolds module. [, When horizontal lifelines are used, they are to be secured to two or more structural members of the scaffold. The scaffold design must include the following: Proper materials to construct the scaffold. When the other end of the 2x4 slipped off the bucket, the employee did not let go of his end, and was pulled off the deck. He suffered multiple fractures to the head, left and right foot, and left wrist, and torn ligaments in the knees. The guardrail system shall be installed along all open sides and ends of the platform before being used as a work platform by employees. PLUMB/LEVEL/SQUARE. The scaffold should be plumb, level and square. Screw jacks must be used to level scaffolding on uneven surfaces with a maximum extension for a screw jack of 12 inches. Scaffolds with a height-to-base width ratio of more than four to one shall be restrained from tipping over by guying, tying, bracing, or equivalent means. Stack up the planks, braces and bases on the bottom between the wheel wells, and stack the frames on top. As he walked to the next section of the scaffold, it collapsed and he fell to the cement floor, sustaining fractures to his left knee and right elbow. 22. The size of the mud sill shall be based on the type of soil the scaffold will be erected upon. Light-duty scaffolds can support 25 pounds per square foot. An access ladder or equivalent safe access must be provided. Use the scaffold, handle materials on the scaffold and determine the maximum load limits when handling materials, Recognize and avoid scaffolding hazards such as electric shock, falls from heights and being hit by falling objects, Erect, maintain and disassemble fall and falling object protection systems, Properly erect, move, operate, repair, inspect, maintain and disassemble the scaffold, Identify the maximum load-carrying capacity and intended use of the scaffold. Install guys, ties and braces according to the manufacturers recommendations. Catenary Scoffold. (www.scaffoldframe.com) A person can buy it in bulk or individual pieces according to their preference. Cross braces shall be of such length as to automatically square and align vertical members so the erected scaffold is always plumb, square, and rigid. When the employee tried to set the third level frame into the pins of the second level, the frame he was trying to position flipped to one side. Vertical means up and down. Construction and loading must comply with engineered designs and manufacturers requirements. Supported scaffold poles, frames and uprights must be plumb and braced to prevent any displacement caused by swaying. Additional protection from falling debris and other small objects must be provided in areas where personnel will be in the vicinity of scaffolds. Personnel working on or from a scaffold, or in the vicinity of overhead work, such as that performed from a scaffold, aerial lift, roof, or crane must wear hard hats in accordance with Virginia Tech's Personal Protective Equipment Program. 5. Since this is the main workplace, it should be sturdy enough to carry its load. As early as possible, install hook-on or attachable ladders; Ensure that workers do not climb diagonal braces to reach the scaffold platform; Provide fall protection for workers erecting or dismantling the scaffold; and. [29 CFR 1926.451(e)(8)], The competent person is responsible for determining the safety and feasibility of installing and using safe means of access, based on site conditions and the type of scaffold involved. Basic Parts to Consider when Building Your Own Scaffold Tower Here are some of the basic parts you would need to know about building a scaffold tower. To be specific, a "true" surface is as "plumb" or as "level" as the job requires (which, in most cases, is a perfect level of both or either). Personal Fall Arrest System, Guardrail System, or 3/4 inch (1.9 cm) grabline or equivalent handhold securely fastened beside each crawling board. Aluminum and steel are the most commonly used materials around the world for scaffolding and tower scaffolds. [, As frames are stacked, cross braces must be of such length as will automatically keep the scaffold plumb, level, and square. [, Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level must be protected from falling to that lower level. Therefore, employers are required to provide safe scaffold access. As one of the fastest growing agencies in California, GDI Insurance Agency, Inc. is able to provide its clients with the latest and greatest of what the insurance industry has to offer and much, much more. Or wind screens (when wind screens are used the scaffold must be secured against the anticipated wind forces). A tube and coupler scaffold has a platform(s) supported by tubing, and is erected with coupling devices connecting uprights, braces, bearers and runners. Employees who perform work while on a scaffold must be trained by a qualified person to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used, and to understand the procedures to control those hazards. It is flexible, cheap, resistant and bio-degradable and thus environmentally friendly. Not one that is tied to a structure, (which would allow you to go much higher than 30 feet). [, Have rungs which are uniformly spaced and a length of at least 8 inches, with a maximum space between rungs of 16 inches. In Asia, bamboo is used as a construction material. You can measure if something is plumb by using a plumb bob or a spirit or laser level. must be plumb and braced to prevent swaying and displacement. To control the risk of a scaffold falling or collapsing, employers must assure that scaffolds are built within OSHA standards relating to strength and structural integrity. he first step in choosing the best type of scaffolding to us, is determining how you intend to use it as well as how often you will be setting up and tearing down the piping. The technical storage or access that is used exclusively for statistical purposes. In addition, the scaffold and its components must support, without failure, its own weight and at least four times its maximum intended load. In some cases, you may choose a new. Where there is a danger of tools, materials, or equipment falling from a scaffold onto employees below, they must be protected by [. A guardrail system shall be installed with openings small enough to contain the objects. Ladder Jack Scaffold. Connect the first cross- brace to the frame. Scaffolds must not be close enough to overhead power lines that they, or any conductive materials (e.g. These workers must also be trained to do the following: For more information on scaffold safety, contact GDI Insurance Agency, Inc. and visit OSHAs Safety and Health Topics page at www.osha.gov/SLTC/scaffolding/. "Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement." 1926.451 (c) (2) (i) Although not an issue in this photo, this means that if the . The number one scaffold hazard is worker falls. 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