If a medical diagnosis is not available, use quotes around the term and indicate that a diagnosis has not been confirmed. This condition happens when a childs brain cant coordinate the muscles that enable speech. Other symptoms include memory loss, emotional issues, disorientation and the development of other mental disorders. Senator John McCain died in the summer of 2018. There is some ambiguity about the difference between stuttering and stammering and which term is appropriate in different contexts. Paraplegia is similar but does not affect the arms. Many dislike It is a negative commotation. Many people prefer people-first language, such as a person with schizophrenia or a person diagnosed with schizophrenia rather than a schizophrenic or a schizophrenic person. Do not use the word schizophrenic colloquially as a synonym for something inconsistent or contradictory. It was first reported in 1866 by Dr. John Langdon Down and is characterized by a range of physical and cognitive characteristics, which the National Institutes of Health details. Alternate phrases include killed himself, took her own life or died by suicide. The verb commit with suicide can imply a criminal act. Background: Stuttering is a a neurobiological condition that is characterized by interruptions in speech. Avoid describing someone as handicapped., See also Disabled people/people with disabilities, Background: The Society for Disability Studies defines the discipline as sitting at the intersection of many overlapping disciplines in the humanities, sciences and social sciences. Background: An alcoholic is someone who has the disease of alcoholism. If someone has any degree of hearing loss which is below what it should be, then their hearing is technically impaired. Stroke. Background: There are a number of types of mental health professionals. A seizure that lasts longer than five minutes is a medical emergency. Inability to speak louder than a whisper or speaking too loudly. Avoid using defect or defective when describing a disability because the terms imply that the person is somehow incomplete or sub-par. Such tics are recurrent, involuntary and non-rhythmic. In an official position statement, the American Speech-Language-Hearing Association warns that any messages extracted from facilitated communication should not form the sole basis for making any diagnostic or treatment decisions. Other organizations, including the American Psychological Association and the International Society for Augmentive and Alternative Communication also oppose facilitated communication. NCDJ Recommendation: Use Americans with Disabilities Act on first reference; ADA is acceptable on second reference. In the case of a leg injury, explain instead that an injury resulted in difficulty walking. Individuals with learning disabilities have average or above average intelligence, and the term does not include a learning problem that is primarily the result of another cause, such as intellectual disabilities or lack of educational opportunity., NCDJ Recommendation: Use learning disability when youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask the person with a disability how they prefer to be described; if thats not possible, ask a spokesperson for the organization representing the relevant disability for preferred terminology. For example, emotional intelligence also is important when considering a persons overall intelligence, according to the American Psychological Association. These conditions begin during the developmental period of life, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout a persons lifetime.. As retired clinical psychologist and disability rights advocate Katherine Schneider notes, You take care of property To people you give care.. The most common answer is that they simply dont work very well 1. Neurotypical refers to a person who is considered part of the normal variation in the human population. Its symptoms include muscle weakness and paralysis. It is now widely considered a derogatory slur. These same considerations apply when covering other 12-step programs, such as Narcotics Anonymous or Gamblers Anonymous. There's nothing inherently negative about spasticity aside from the pain that can result from it but like many neutral words, people have used "spaz" to make NCDJ: Person with a disability is a more neutral term than differently-abled.. Background: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. It can cause changes in your behavior, movements or feelings, and in levels of consciousness. When possible, refer to a persons specific condition. Also, according to NOAH, the term albino has been used throughout history in a hateful way; therefore many prefer the people-first term, person with albinism.. Genetic disorders can be caused by a mutation in one gene (monogenic disorder), by mutations in multiple genes (multifactorial inheritance disorder), by a combination of gene mutations and environmental factors, or by damage to chromosomes (changes in the number or structure of entire chromosomes, the structures that carry genes).. NCDJ Recommendation: It is acceptable to describe a person as someone with muscular dystrophy, followed by a short explanation of what the condition entails. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders debuted the new term childhood-onset fluency disorder to refer to stuttering, along with a few new criteria for its diagnosis. In general, blind or legally blind is acceptable for people with complete or almost complete vision loss. People who use wheelchairs have widely different disabilities and varying abilities. The disorder was originally named for French neurologist Dr. Georges Gilles de la Tourette, who first described the condition in 1885, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Some of the more common genetic conditions include cystic fibrosis, Huntingtons disease, and sickle cell anemia. In Franco-Provenal (the Romance speech of French Switzerland and adjacent areas of France), a person affected by hypothyroidism was called a cretin, literally, wretch, innocent victim, The word meant simply Christian and emphasized the hypothyroid victims basic humanity.. NCDJ Recommendation: Both terms are acceptable, although many people prefer people-first language, stating that someone is a person with an intellectual disability rather than referring to the person as intellectually disabled. When referring to a drug test, state that the person tested positive for (drug)., NCDJ Recommendation: Addiction is an acceptable term, although some prefer substance abuse disorder. It is preferable to refer to someone who harmfully uses drugs as someone with a drug addiction rather than an addict. Use recovering or in recovery from to refer to someone trying to overcome an addiction; that is, someone recovering from a methamphetamine addiction.. (There are physical considerations that rule out cochlear implants for some.). Addiction often implies dependence on substances other than alcohol, although alcoholism is essentially alcohol addiction. WebHearing impairment is the inability of an individual to hear sounds adequately. Use recovering to refer to someone with the disease of addiction, as in someone recovering from alcoholism.. AP Style: The only reference relates to hyphenation. Not every person with a disability suffers, is a victim or is stricken. AP style: Not directly addressed, although the style book recommends avoiding using disability-related words lightly or in unrelated situations. Background: The Oxford English dictionary defines an invalid as a person made weak or disabled by illness or injury. It is probably the oldest term for someone with physical conditions that are considered seriously limiting. Able-bodied is an appropriate term to use in some cases, such as when referring to government reports on the proportion of able-bodied members in the workforce. AP style: The stylebook says injuries may be suffered, sustained or received.. A person enrolled in a treatment center should be referred to as a patient. It is characterized by new muscle weakness, joint and muscle pain and fatigue., NCDJ Recommendation: Use the term polio rather than infantile paralysis. People with cerebral palsy can exhibit a variety of symptoms. The terms signer and interpreter often are used interchangeably but mean different things. Did you know that Dont say that an awards show, for example, was schizophrenic., Background: According to the Mayo Clinic: A seizure is a sudden, uncontrolled electrical disturbance in the brain. These personalities, medically known as alters, can exhibit different speech patterns, mannerisms, attitudes, thoughts, gender identities and even physical characteristics. Instead, always try to specify the type of disability being referenced. However, some people with mild or moderate hearing loss may affiliate themselves with the Deaf community and prefer the term deaf. Alternatively, some who are deaf and dont have a cultural affiliation to the Deaf community may prefer the term hard of hearing.. However, only about 15% of those with eye conditions are totally blind. WebAccording to the National Association of the Deaf, there are approximately 28 million deaf and hearing-impaired people in the U.S.--roughly 10 percent of the total population. Many chronic health conditions also are considered invisible disabilities, depending on their severity and impact on daily living. The term has largely gone out of use and is now considered objectionable and inaccurate. According to the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, the word addiction is acceptable for uncontrollable, compulsive use of substances as well as acts such as gambling, sex, working, etc., in the face of negative health and social consequences. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to someone as having dementia only if the information is relevant to the story and you are confident there is a medical diagnosis. NCDJ Recommendation: Use augmentative and alternative communication on first reference, explaining what it means. The most common forms of mental illness are anxiety disorders, mood disorders and schizophrenia disorders. Avoid using terms such as suffers from or afflicted with in association with the condition. If possible, ask the person which is preferable. NCDJ Recommendation: Refer to an individuals mental illness only when it is relevant to the story and youre confident there is a medical diagnosis. In the first case, we suggest the answer is no. The fact that someone uses a wheelchair does not make the airplane noise any more or less irritating. The center recommends against using the term harelip as it is anatomically incorrect and stigmatizing. By definition, developmental disabilities manifest before age 22. Do not substitute slow learner or another derogatory term like retarded.. It does not address the use of autistic as an adjective. Spastic cerebral palsy is a common type of cerebral palsy in which the movements of people with the disorder appear stiff and jerky. It calls for use of a lower case d in all usages. Background: According to the National Association for Gifted Children, giftedness is characterized by the capacity to perform above the level of ones peers. While caregiver and caretaker often are used interchangeably, they imply something different. It is frequently used in such references as injuries suffered in a car accident.. Avoid using the word shrink in reference to a mental health professional except in a quote. AP style: The AP merely defines Tourette Syndrome as, A neurological disorder characterized by involuntary, repetitive movements and vocalizations.. See also Epilepsy/epileptic/epileptic fit. However, whenever possible, ask the individual which term they prefer. NCDJ Recommendation: The term may not be understood by all, so an explanation may be required. If Full Deaf, call them Deaf. Various laws define disability differently. Raisingdeafkids.org has a good list of related resources and more information. NCDJ Recommendation: The term non-disabled and the phrases does not have a disability or is not living with a disability are more neutral choices. Background: Tourette syndrome is a neurological disorder characterized by tics, sudden, purposeless and rapid movements or vocalizations, according to the National Institute of Neurological Disorders. The following broad definitions are sourced from Psychology Today: NCDJ Recommendation: Ask professionals how they should be identified, based on their formal training. Ask your sources for their preference. Deaf-mute was traditionally used to refer to people who can neither speak nor hear in traditional ways. Consider using people-first language, as in a person with an intellectual disability rather than an intellectually disabled person. As always, ask the person which terms they prefer. Background: Total blindness is the complete lack of perception of either light or form. Background: Bipolar disorder is a mental illness believed to be caused by a combination of genetic factors and neurological functioning, according to the National Institute of Mental Health. It is widely viewed as legitimate and important. Common congenital disabilities include Down syndrome, heart-related medical conditions and most forms of cerebral palsy. WebBackground: The terms hearing impaired and hearing impairment are sometimes used to describe people with hearing loss that ranges from partial to complete. NCDJ Recommendation: Ask people how they would like to be described. Plain English is sometimes known as plain language or Everyday English. However, symptoms vary across the spectrum. Severity and symptoms vary widely. Background: These phrases refer to a condition in which the mouth, jaw, tongue and vocal tract do not work together to produce recognizable words. The condition is a neural tube defect that occurs when the spinal column does not close all the way in the womb. A birth defect is a physical or biochemical difference that is present at birth. Alternatively, it is acceptable to say that a person has had a disability since birth or was born with a disability. State the specific disability if possible. Others, including the authors of Great Minds and How to Grow Them, question whether there is such a thing as a gifted child. Healthyplace.com has NCDJ Recommendation: Use the words psychotic and psychosis only when they accurately describe a medical experience. According to the National Association for Gifted Children, Twice-exceptional learners are students who give evidence of the potential for high achievement capability in areas such as specific academics, general intellectual ability, creativity, leadership and/or visual, spatial or performing arts and also give evidence of one or more disabilities as defined by federal or state eligibility criteria, such as specific learning disabilities, speech and language disorders, emotional/behavioral disorders, physical disabilities, autism spectrum or other health impairments, such as ADHD. Today, many government and private organizations in the U.S. and elsewhere use deafblind instead of deaf-blind. NCDJ Recommendation: All the terms are acceptable, although, because they are not widely used, an explanation is required for a general audience. The case for nonspeaking is outlined by the non-profit organization The Guild for Human Services. The term seizure is preferred when referring to the brief manifestation of symptoms common among those with epilepsy. Then numbers were assigned to words not just mentally retarded, but also terms like imbecile, idiot and moron.. Many feel that its never appropriate to use homebound or housebound.. If someone uses American Sign Language, lip-reads or uses other means to communicate, state that. Background: Identify-first language contrasts with people-first language. Help them exercise regularly. Most seizures last from 30 seconds to two minutes. Background: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is an anxiety disorder characterized by unreasonable thoughts and fears that lead to repetitive and often ritualized behaviors or compulsions. Rapid speech that is difficult to understand. combination of your inner ear and the nerves in your ear. NCDJ Recommendation: Because it is not commonly used, particularly in the U.S., include a definition when using the term. 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