He is placed on the Timeline of the Bible after the Flood, around 2300 BC. Solomon's ships were so styled ( 1Kings 10:22 ; 22:49 ). As He was by the seashore a great concourse of people from all parts made it desirable that "a small boat" (ploiarion) should be in attendance off the shore to receive Him in case of need, though He does not seem to have required it (Mark 3:9). The king of Greece being signified by a "shaggy" goat. The names Tyre and Sidon were famous in the ancient Near East. Isaiah 23:10 Pass through your land like the Nile, daughter of Tarshish. Bochart, the 17thcentury French Protestant pastor, suggested in his Phaleg (1646) that Tarshish was the city of Tartessos in southern Spain. Jeremiah 10:9 There is silver beaten into plates, which is brought from Tarshish, and gold from Uphaz, the work of the artificer and of the hands of the goldsmith; blue and purple for their clothing; they are all the work of skillful men. B.C. Lipiski, E. (2004). Herein, how far is Tarshish from Joppa? post 1875. The Greeks excelled with colonies in the Black Sea, Asia Minor and around the Mediterranean. The Queen of Sheba is the monarch mentioned in the Bible and then in later works who travels to Jerusalem to experience the wisdom of King Solomon (c. 965-931 BCE) of Israel first-hand. Caesarea in New Testament times was a place of shipping and possessed a harbor which Josephus declared to be greater than the Piraeus, but it was Herodian and more Greek and Roman than Jewish. ( Genesis 10:4 ; 1Kings 10:22 ; 1Chronicles 1:7 ; Psalms 48:7 ; Isaiah 2:16 ; Jeremiah 10:9 ; Ezekiel 27:12 Ezekiel 27:25 ; Jonah 1:3 ; 4:2 ) The identity of the two places is rendered highly probable by the following circumstances: 1st. "(b) As regards the crew, in the two-banked Phoenician ship the rowers of the first bank work their oars over the gunwale, and those of the second through portholes lower down, so that each may have free play for his oar. It was believed to be at the ends of the Earth, as far away as one could possibly go in the known world at that time. Tarshish is also the name of a modern village in the Mount Lebanon District of Lebanon . Control of this precious metal which the Tartessians combined with copper to produce bronze, allows the Tartessians to live in great comfort. SHIPS IN THE OLD TESTAMENT AND THE APOCRYPHA1. All of the minerals marketed by the merchants of Tarshish could have come from Britain but. Fourth-named of the seven "princes" of Persia in the time of Artaxerxes ( Es 1:14 ). Genesis 10:2. Attempts have been made to identify it with Tarsus of Cilicia, but they are not convincing. James, showing the power of little things, adduces the ships, large though they be, and driven by fierce winds, turned about by a very small "rudder" (pedalion), as "the impulse of the steersman willeth" (James 3:4). Hitchcock's Bible Names Dictionary - Tarshish, International Standard Bible Encyclopedia - Tarshish, The name of a place which first comes into notice in the days of Solomon. It is reputed to be the oldest mine in the world.). Tarshish is currently the name of a village in the Mount Lebanon District of Lebanon. The cargo (phortion, Acts 27:10, the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American) "lading") in this case was wheat (Acts 27:38), but another word is used, gomos, by Luke of a ship's load of varied wares (Acts 21:3; compare Revelation 18:11).Of those engaged in handling the ship we find (Acts 27:11) the master (kubernetes), the owner (naukleros, although this expression seems not quite consistent with the ownership of a grain ship of the imperial service, and Ramsay's distinction between the words, making the former "sailing-master" and the latter "captain," may be better), the sailors (Acts 27:30, who treacherously sought to lower the ship's boat on the pretense of laying out anchors from the "foreship" or prow, and to get away from the doomed vessel).Of operations belonging to the navigation of the vessel in the storm there were(1) the taking on board of the ship's boat and securing it with ropes (Acts 27:16, in which operation Luke seems to have taken part; compare Acts 27:32),(2) the undergirding of the ship (Acts 27:17, using helps, that is taking measures of relief and adopting the expedient, only resorted to in extremities, of passing cables under the keel of the ship to keep the hull together and to preserve the timbers from starting),(3) the lowering of the gear (Acts 27:17, reducing sail, taking down the mainsail and the main yard),(4) throwing freight overboard and later casting out the tackling of the ship (Acts 27:19),(5) taking soundings (Acts 27:28),(6) letting go four anchors from the stern (Acts 27:29, stern-anchoring being very unusual, but a necessity in the circumstances),(7) further lightening the ship by throwing the wheat into the sea (Acts 27:38),(8) cutting the anchor cables, unlashing the rudders, hoisting up the foresail to the wind, and holding straight for the beach (Acts 27:40).Of the parts of the ship's equipment there are mentioned "the sounding lead" (bolis, though it is the verb which is here used), "the anchors" (agkurai, of which every ship carried several, and which at successive periods have been made of stone, iron, lead and perhaps other metals, each having two flukes and being held by a cable or a chain), "the rudders" (pedalia, of which every ship had two for steering, which in this case had been lifted out of the water and secured by "bands" to the side of the ship and unlashed when the critical moment came), "the foresail" artemon, not the mainsail, but the small sail at the bow of the vessel which at the right moment was hoisted to the wind to run her ashore), and "the boat" (skaphe, which had been in tow in the wake of the vessel, according to custom still prevalent in those seas-coasting-vessels being sometimes becalmed, when the crew get into the small boat and take the ship in tow, using the oars to get her round a promontory or into a position more favorable for the wind). Meshech (whose name means "long, tall, or drawn out by force") is the sixth son of Japheth. [4][10], The editors of the New Oxford Annotated Bible, first published in 1962, suggest that Tarshish is either Sardinia or Tartessos. Isaiah 66:19 "I will set a sign among them, and I will send such as escape of them to the nations, to Tarshish, Pul, and Lud, who draw the bow, to Tubal and Javan, to the islands afar off, who have not heard my fame, neither have seen my glory; and they shall declare my glory among the nations.. Jeremiah 46:9 Go up, you horses; and rage, you chariots; and let the mighty men go forth: Cush and . The sail had also to serve "for an ensign" (lenes, Ezekiel 27:7). What does the phrase "the merchants of Tarshish" mean? In Wisdom, human life is described "as a ship passing through the billowy water, whereof, when it is gone by, there is no trace to be found, neither pathway of its keel in the billows" (Wisd 5:10). Sealed silver in Iron Age Cisjordan and the 'invention' of coinage. Again, cedar trees were brought from Lebanon by sea to Joppa, and thence conveyed to Jerusalem (Ezra 3:7).From Joppa Jonah fled to avoid compliance with God's command to go to Nineveh and preach repentance there (Jonah 1:1). For "ship" The Wisdom of Solomon 5:10 has naus. One or two of the particulars of this description may be commented upon. have you assembled your company to take the prey? The record states: Coincidentally, there is a town named Tharsis 50 kilometres north of Huelva; the th combination, however, is a linguistic curiosity and alien to the Spanish language. [20], According to Rashi, a medieval rabbi and commentator of the Bible, quoting Tractate Hullin 9lb, 'tarshish' means the Tarshish Sea of Africa.[21]. She is manned with oarsmen of Sidon and Arvad, pilots of the wise men of Tyre, calkers from Gebal to stop up the cracks and seams in her timbers, mariners and men of war from other lands who enhanced her beauty by hanging up the shield and helmet within her. Tarshish also occurs 25times in the Masoretic text of the Hebrew Bible with various meanings: This is repeated in 2Chronicles20:37 preceded by the information that the ships were actually built at Ezion-geber, and emphasizing the prophecy of the otherwise unknown Eliezer son of Dodavahu of Mareshah against Jehoshaphat that "Because you have joined with Ahaziah, the Lord will destroy what you have made." Pharaoh-necoh built up a powerful navy to serve him both in commerce and in war.SeePHARAOH-NECOH.Of explicit references to Egyptian ships in the Old Testament there are but few. Ezekiel also, foretelling the overthrow of Egypt, speaks of messengers traveling with the news on swift Nile boats to strike terror into the hearts of the "careless Ethiopians" (30:9). [20] Some modern scholars identify Tarshish with Tartessos, a port in southern Spain, described by classical authors as a source of metals for the Phoenicians, while Josephus' identification of Tarshish with the Cilician city of Tarsus is even more widely accepted. 2). However, tin only came from a select few places. Sheba, Dedan and the Merchants of Tarshish. ATS Bible Dictionary. (2003). 483. Where did the minerals from Tarshish come from? With such uncertainty surroundingTartessus it would be dangerous toassert that Spain was the Tarshishof Scripture which was a maritimepower in the days of Solomon and which was the source of minerals for the great tradingcity of Tyre when Ezekielwrote in the 6th century BC. (3) Phoenicia.It was from the Phoenicians that the Mediterranean peoples learned seamanship and skill in navigation. Howl, you ships of Tarshish! Isaiah 23:1 The burden of Tyre. All rights reserved. Tarshish and the problem of Phoenician colonization in the western Mediterranean. (After the capture of Jerusalem the emperor Titus returned to Italy in such a vessel, touching at Rhegium and landing at Puteoil.) Hiram joined Solomon in these enterprises which had their center on the Red Sea, and thus the Phoenicians had water communication with the coasts of Arabia and Africa, and even of India. In Other BooksLITERATUREIn the Old Testament the following words are found:(1) The word most commonly used in Hebrew for "a ship" is 'oniyah (Proverbs 30:19 Jonah 1:3, 4), of which the plural 'oniyoth is found most frequently (Judges 5:17 1 Kings 22:48 f, and many other places).The collective term for "a navy of ships" is 'oni (1 Kings 9:26; 1 Kings 10:22, 'oni Tharshish, "a navy (of ships) of Tarshish"; but Isaiah 33:21, 'oni shayit, a "galley with oars"). The Jewish-Portuguese scholar, politician, statesman and financier Isaac Abarbanel (1437-1508 A.D.) described Tarshish as "the city known in earlier times as Carthage and today called Tunis." One possible identification for many centuries preceding the French scholar Bochart (d. Does Nineveh exist today? The Assyrian monuments contain representations of naval engagements and of operations on the seacoast. The ancient capital of Saudi Arabia is still called Dedan on many maps today. If Tarshish is England; I propose the 'young lions thereof' would be Canada, Australia, and the United States. (The word may mean a "refinery . Tarshish (Phoenician: TR, Hebrew: Tar, Greek: , Tharseis) occurs in the Hebrew Bible with several uncertain meanings, most frequently as a place (probably a large city or region) far across the sea from Phoenicia (modern Lebanon) and the Land of Israel.Tarshish was said to have exported vast quantities of important metals to . 2 Chronicles 9:21 For the king had ships that went to Tarshish with the servants of Huram; once every three years came the ships of Tarshish, bringing gold, and silver, ivory, and apes, and peacocks. Where is biblical Tarsus located? Tarshish may have settled nearby in today's Lebanon. The ships of Tarshish were carriers of your (Tyre's) merchandise. It seems to be as elusive as Platos Atlantis. Oil is transacted in US dollars. Ships of Tarshish made a deep impression upon the imagination of the Hebrew people. Jonah 1:3 But Jonah rose up to flee to Tarshish from the presence of Yahweh. The land of Kittim is Cyprus, and in the references in Isaiah it is associated with Tyre and the ships of Tarshish. We have already noted the historical record which assumes that Tartessus was in Spain and that Tarshish was Tartessus however, it also acknowledged that tin was sourced from Cornwall as follows: Tin came primarily from Cornwall in the British Isles, and was brought back by the Phoenicians; it was combined with copper, abundant in south west Spain, to produce bronze. Therefore I hurried to flee to Tarshish, for I knew that you are a gracious God, and merciful, slow to anger, and abundant in loving kindness, and you relent of doing harm. " In The Wisdom of Solomon 14:6 Noah's ark is called a schedia, a "clumsy ship" (the literal translation "raft" in the Revised Version (British and American) is impossible).In the New Testament there are four words in use:(1) naus (Acts 27:41, the only place where it occurs, designating the large sea-going vessel in which Paul suffered shipwreck). Tarshish in the latter days must have young lions of nations that are her offspring. Tartessus, an ancient city between two mouths of the Guadalquiver, in the south of Spain. A variation on the name, Tarshishi, is found among Arabs of Lebanese descent, and likely indicates a family connection to the Lebanese village Tarshish. (1 Chronicles 7:6&10 KJV) Wikipedia is wrong on Benjamin's . There is no restraint any more. General ReferencesIII. [22], Rufus Festus Avienus the Latin writer of the 4th century AD, identified Tarshish as Cadiz. "International Standard Bible Encyclopedia". It is also true thatthe mountains of Wales, just north of Cornwall have been a source of all the mineralslisted in Ezekiel 27:12. Gen 10:4-5 And the sons of Javan; Elishah, and Tarshish, Kittim, and Dodanim. Gen 10:2 The sons of Japheth; Gomer, and Magog, and Madai, and Javan, and Tubal, and Meshech, and Tiras. Probably Tartessus, a city and emporium of the Phoenicians in the south of Spain, represented as one of the sons of Javan. The prophecies concerning Tarshish best fit Britain. Some have pointed out thatthere is a mining town in Spaincalled Tharsis but this is a recentdevelopment and obviously animported name by a British miningcompany. [1], The existence of Tarshish in the western Mediterranean, along with any Phoenician presence in the western Mediterranean before c. 800BC, has been questioned by some scholars in modern times, because there is no direct evidence. . No other nation in history has created an empire of colonies like the British Empire. In his great series of Nature-pictures in Psalm 104, the Psalmist finds a place for the sea and ships (104:25;), and in Psalm 107 there is a picture of the storm overtaking them that go down to the sea in ships, and of the deliverance that comes to them when God "bringeth" them into their desired haven" (107:23;). What country is Nineveh today? "Tarshish is ancient Tartessus in the present-day nation of Spain. This seemingly rules out Spain as Tarshish and the Latin American countries as the young lions. Nicol. Sixth-named of the seven sons of Bilhar, the grandson of Benjamin ( 1Ch 7:10 ). The Spanish Empire was a dominant world influence in between the late 15th century until the early 19th century. 3. If we can locate Tarshish in the ancient world we can identify Tarshish in the last- days prophecies. In Revelation there is a representation of the fall of Babylon in language reminiscent of the fall of Tyre (Ezekiel 27), in which lamentations arise from the merchants of the earth who can no more buy her varied merchandise (ton gomon, "cargo" the Revised Version margin), and shipmasters and passengers and seafaring people look in terror and grief upon the smoke of her burning (Revelation 18:12-18).LITERATURE.The usual books on Greek and Roman antiquities furnish descriptions and illustrations. The same evidence from hacksilber is said to fit with what the ancient Greek and Roman authors recorded about the Phoenicians exploiting many sources of silver in the western Mediterranean to feed developing economies back in Israel and Phoenicia soon after the fall of Troy and other palace centers in the eastern Mediterranean around 1200BC. In the 19th century there were 400 mines in Cornwall employing 18,000 people. In regard to tin, the trade of Tarshish in this metal is peculiarly significant, and, taken in conjunction with similarity of name and other circumstances already mentioned, is reasonably conclusive as to its identity with Tartessus. This seemingly rules out Spain as Tarshish and the Latin American countries as the young lions. Magma from beneath the Earths crust welled up into these cracks and crystallized, leaving behind many different minerals. In the late Bronze Age and into the early Iron Age, tin was a necessary ingredient for making bronze. [30] This idea stems from the fact that Tarshish is recorded to have been a trader in tin, silver, gold, and lead [31] which were all mined in Cornwall. Lipiski, E. (2002). Some 19th-century commentators believed that Tarshish was Britain, including Alfred John Dunkin who claimed "Tarshish demonstrated to be Britain" (1844), George Smith (1850),[29] James Wallis and David King's The British Millennial Harbinger (1861), John Algernon Clarke (1862), and Jonathan Perkins Weethee of Ohio (1887). : Southern Phoenician hacksilber hoards and the location of Tarshish. It prospered from trade with the Phoenicians and Carthaginians but was probably destroyed by the latter about 500 bc. The evidence would indicate that Tarshish in ancient times was Great Britain for the following reasons: [su_box title=Conclusion style=bubbles box_color=#e09900 title_color=#000000]We therefore conclude that Britain, as the Tin Isles of ancient times is Tarshish, and that the merchants of Tarshish and the young lions thereof are the offshoots of Britain that will have a major role during the Tribulation period. "(4) skaphe, "boat" (Acts 27:16, 30, 32, where it means the small boat of the ship in which Paul was being conveyed as a prisoner to Rome).Cognate expressions are: "shipmen," 'anshe 'oniyoth (1 Kings 9:27); nautai (Acts 27:27, 30 the King James Version, "sailors" the Revised Version (British and American)); "mariners," mallachim (Jonah 1:15 Ezekiel 27:9, 27, 29), shaTim (Ezekiel 27:8 the King James Version, "rowers" the Revised Version (British and American); Ezekiel 27:26, the King James Version and the Revised Version (British and American)); "pilot," chobhel (Jonah 1:6 Ezekiel 27:8, 27, 28, 29); "sailing," "voyage," plous (Acts 21:7; Acts 27:9, 10, the Revised Version (British and American) "voyage" in all verses).I. In his day all of Africa west of Egypt was called Libya and south of Egypt was called Ethiopia. Nineveh, the oldest and most-populous city of the ancient Assyrian empire, situated on the east bank of the Tigris River and encircled by the modern city of Mosul, Iraq. Luke has made no note of the name of this or of the previous vessels in which Paul had voyaged. The expression "ships of Tarshish" originally meant ships destined to go to Tarshish; and then probably came to signify large Phoenician ships, of a particular size the description, destined for long voyages, just as in English "East Indiaman" was a general name given to vessels, some of which were not intended to go to India at all. Bethsaida at the northern end of the Lake and Tarichea at the southern end were great centers of the trade. Hence we may infer that the word Tarshish was also used to signify any distant place, and in this case would be applied to one in the Indian Ocean. Within it, and specifically in the geographical region that was part of Phoenicia, is a concentration of hoards dated between 1200 and 800BC. Tarshish. Tin was a very important and valuable raw material for the ancient world. Tyre (in modern-day Lebanon) is one of the oldest cities in the world, dating back over 4,000 years, during which it has been inhabited almost continuously. Of theextreme tracts of Europe towards the west I cannot speak with any certainty; for I do not allow that there is any river, to which the barbarians give the name of Eridanus, emptying itself into the northern sea, whence (as the tale goes) amber is procured; nor do I know of any islands called the Cassiterides (Tin Islands), whence the tin comes which we use. The name of a place which first comes into notice in the days of Solomon. Ezekiel 38:13 places Tarshish in the epic event. In the Book of Proverbs the ideal woman who brings her food from far is like "the merchant ships" (31:14). Nineveh was located at the intersection of important north-south and east-west trade routes, and its proximity to a tributary of the Tigris, the Khawar River, added to the value of the fertile agricultural and pastoral . The same place-name occurs in the Akkadian inscriptions of Esarhaddon (the Assyrian king, d.669BC) and also on the Phoenician inscription of the Nora Stone in Sardinia; its precise location was never commonly known, and was eventually lost in antiquity. This Corpus dates between 1200 and 586BC, and the hoards in it are all silver-dominant. ), translated "vessel" in The Wisdom of Solomon 14:1, but "ship" elsewhere. It could be used by Ezekiel to represent the nations of western Europe that will join Saudi Arabia in denouncing the invasion. Later, the prophet Jonah "fled to Tarshish" to escape God's call to preach to the people of Nineveh (in modern Iraq). [3] The Jewish-Portuguese scholar, politician, statesman and financier Isaac Abarbanel (14371508AD) described Tarshish as "the city known in earlier times as Carthage and today called Tunis. Throughout history the family of Javan have been merchants, traders and colonizers. The obvious answer is Saudi Arabia, ancient Sheba and Dedan! Archealogicaldiggings have failed to produce anyevidence of it in Spain. It is also interesting to note that one of Javan's sons Tarshish has become what is today modern day Spain. One view locates Tarshish to the East, accessible from Solomon's great seaport at Ezion Geber on the Red Sea. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. ( 1Kings 10:22 ) The gold might possibly have been obtained form Africa, or from Ophir in Arabia, and the ivory and the apes might likewise have been imported from Africa; but the peacocks point conclusively, not to Africa, but to India. Archealogicaldiggings have failed to produce bronze, allows the Tartessians to live in great.!, an ancient city between two mouths of the Bible after the Flood around! Copper to produce anyevidence of it in Spain of Proverbs the ideal woman who brings her food from far like! Phoenicians and Carthaginians but was probably destroyed by the latter days must have young of! 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