For at least five years, Montagu, Exeter and others had been passing information to the emperor through his ambassador, urging the invasion of England, and Reginald himself had assured the readers of his 1536 letter that a host of disaffected subjects were lurking within the realm, ready to support the invaders against Henry as soon as foreign troops landed. at, Edmund Mortimer, Earl of March (conflation of, This page was last edited on 21 February 2023, at 21:21. Anne was the anointed queen. St. Mary's Roman Catholic Church in Bridge Gate, Derby, Our Lady and the English Martyrs' church in Cambridge. He was the child Margaret had been carrying when her brother Warwick was executed. Joan (Margaret) Pole ca 1333-Married toThomas Chaworth ca 1331-1373 Paternal grand-parents, uncles and aunts. On 18 February 1478, aged 28, George, Duke of Clarence, brother to the King of England, was executed. (Edward would have had a better right to the throne as son of Richards older brother.) Margaret Plantagenet, Countess of Salisbury (14 August 1473 28 May 1541), also called Margaret Pole, as a result of her marriage to Sir Richard Pole, was the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, a brother of Kings Edward IV and Richard III (all sons of Richard Plantagenet, 3rd Duke of York), by his wife Isabel Neville. I have a feeling that Edward and Thomas had an even closer relationship when their brother Henry was around. In 1520 Margaret was appointed governess to Henry's daughter Mary. But the kings horoscope was looking nasty and, according to a Spanish commentator, he aged twenty years in two weeks. His eldest daughter Margaret married the lawyer William Roper in 1521, and More continued his practice of prayer and supervision of learning at his home. We know her, as we know so many of her contemporaries, through her inventories, through legal documents and official letters. [12] In May 1536, Reginald finally and definitively broke with the king. It was children who caused him a problem. Margaret was 14, and probably remained at court rather than living with her husband. Her son Reginald described himself afterwards as son of a martyr and in 1886, Pope Leo XIII had Margaret Pole beatified as a martyr. On this date in 1541, 68-year-old Margaret Pole, countess of Salisbury, was beheaded within the confines of the Tower of London, as befitted her rank. Margaret Pole was restored to a position as lady-in-waiting, which helped her financial situation. It was, Henry told him, proof that his marriage to Katharine was incestuous due to her previous marriage to his brother. Managed all schedules for company and . London Review of Books, Richard Pole was appointed to the household of Arthur, eldest son of Henry VII and Prince of Wales, heir apparent. It was not so much a letter as a small book. Henry was able to play peacemaker. He blindfolded himself and exhorted the assembled crowd to witness his end in the faith and for the faith of the Catholic Church, the kings good servant but Gods first. Even Mores Protestant enemies did not believe him a traitor; his death was almost universally held to be nothing less than martyrdom. But Reginald, it seemed, always got a tip-off. Her father, already Duke of Clarence, was then created Earl of Salisbury and of Warwick. For Mores part, he undoubtedly appreciated his second wifes superb housekeeping skills for they allowed him the freedom to pursue his increasingly successful career. . Mores beginnings, however, hardly predicted his spectacular career. Edward was briefly displayed in public at St Paul's Cathedral in 1487 in response to the presentation of the impostor Lambert Simnel as the "Earl of Warwick" to the Irish lords. Back in 1521, there had been a wobble in the family fortunes when the Duke of Buckingham, into whose family Ursula Pole had married, was executed for treason: Margarets eldest son, Henry Lord Montagu, had been imprisoned briefly, and her duties in the princesss household were suspended. After Henry's second wife, Anne Boleyn, was arrested, and eventually executed, Margaret was permitted to return to Court, albeit briefly. Reginalds brother Geoffrey was in correspondence with Reginald, and Henry had Geoffrey Pole, Margarets heir, arrested in 1538 along with their brother Henry Pole and others. Here's how the cast of The Spanish Princess compares to their real-life counterparts, from Catherine to Margaret Pole. However, things suddenly change in May 1541 when a decision was made to execute her. Erasmus mourned his friend and wrote that Mores soul was more pure than snow and his genius was such that England never had and never again will have its like. More was beatified by the Catholic Church in 1886, and canonized by Pius XI in 1935. Most aristocratic women outlived their husbands, and once a woman was widowed she was able to assert her independence and have a say in her family affairs, while cultivating the trope of the defenceless widow in any dealings with the authorities. Margaret remained in the Tower of London for more than two years. We can't imagine how Margaret was feeling, she was 65 years of age when brought to the tower in 1539, an advanced age by the standards of the day. But and of course this clause was added simply to trap More the Act also required a repudiation of any foreign authority, prince or potentate. More could recognize Anne as the crowned queen of England. Lewis, Jone Johnson. (1) Margaret Pole was a pretty tough and clinical woman. [3], Margaret was born at Farleigh Castle in Somerset, the only surviving daughter of George Plantagenet, Duke of Clarence, and his wife Isabel Neville, who was the elder daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick, and his wife Anne Beauchamp, 16th Countess of Warwick. She is a close student of the sources, and careful not to stuff her novels with false excitements. In April 1523, he was elected speaker of the House of Commons. In 1886, Margaret would be beatified by Pope Leo XIII as a martyr to Henrys regime. There are only glimpses of her in these years: my lady Margaret of Clarence. International He had once served under Wolsey and knew More well. 83 ratings9 reviews. A possible portrait of Margaret Pole (c. 1535). He later studied at . Shortly thereafter, (probably in November 1487) Henry VII gave Margaret in marriage to his cousin, Sir Richard Pole, whose mother was a half-sister of the king's mother, Margaret Beaufort. Her second son, Arthur Pole, had a generally successful career as a courtier, becoming one of the six Gentlemen of the Privy Chamber. The 8-episode season follows Catherine of Aragon (Charlotte Hope) and King Henry VIII's (Ruari O'Connor) tumultuous marriage. As Englands premier intellectual, Mores opinion mattered. Because of this, she becomes an unprovoked target for the King's anger. Her husbands career flourished. More would have to either acknowledge the kings spiritual supremacy and marriage to Anne Boleyn, or he would die. His crusade against his native land was never launched, but many years later he would return, Archbishop of Canterbury to Mary Tudor, and join in heresy-hunting and the burning of reformers. Margaret and her son, Henry, pressed Arthur's widow to take a vow of perpetual chastity to preserve her inheritance for her Pole children. But to Mores credit, he made an impassioned plea for greater freedom of speech in parliament. Please include name, address, and a telephone number. Cookies collect information about your preferences and your devices and are used to make the site work as you expect it to, to understand how you interact with the site, and to show advertisements that are targeted to your interests. When Arthur died in 1502, the Poles lost that position. Those two could only get along for short while before things got heated. Columbus, Ohio Area. Henry and others were executed, though Geoffrey was not. You may not of heard of Margaret Pole so I will fill you in because her death was quite brutal and makes an interesting read, (if you like the darker side of the Tudors). Margarets youngest son, Geoffrey, probably under threat of torture, denounced not only his own family but the Courtenay clan and other prominent members of the old families. Her mother, the great heiress Isabel Neville, died in 1476 after giving birth to her fourth child; this last baby, like Isabels first child, did not live. ThoughtCo. Margaret Pole, fdd 14 augusti 1473 i Bath, Somerset, England, dd 27 maj 1541 i London, England, grevinna av Salisbury, var en engelsk hovfunktionr. [10], When Mary was declared a bastard in 1533, Margaret refused to give Mary's gold plate and jewels back to Henry. Her son Arthur joined them, dying young, probably in the sweating sickness epidemic of 1528. Margarets daughter Ursula would have 13 children, and three of her four sons would marry heiresses and have large families. If Margaret played any part in the downfall of Henrys second queen, her role was so far behind the scenes that it has left no trace. This blatant disrespect could not be tolerated and Mores name was included in a Bill of Attainder against Elizabeth Barton, the Holy Maid of Kent, who had prophesized against the kings annulment. He lived in relative poverty, for he held no office and relied solely upon the hundred pounds per annum he collected from a property rental. The accounts differ slightly; Marillac's report, dispatched two days afterwards, recorded that the execution took place in a corner of the Tower with so few people present that, in the evening, news of her execution was doubted. Henry VIII married Catherine of Aragon in 1509 and Margaret was again appointed as one of her ladies-in-waiting. With the accession of the young king uxorious, beautiful and benign England seemed to have entered a golden age: and at his coronation, all the spectators, and presumably Margaret Pole with them, with great reverence, love and desire, said and cried: Yea, yea!. The Duke of Clarence plotted against Edward IV and in February 1478 was attainted and executed for treason. Besides Ursula, four of Margarets children lived to adulthood. Margarets uncle Richard of Gloucester became king in 1483 as Richard III, and reinforced young Margaret and Edwards exclusion from the line of succession. Henry Tudor had the real Warwick in custody, and was able to produce him, so the rebellion came to nothing. Mary's household was broken up at the end of the year, and Margaret asked to serve Mary at her own cost, but was not permitted. Birth date: February 7, 1478. And because of his early education in religious matters, Henry was no mere spectator in religious debate. She was, Pierce says, intelligent, unquestionably virtuous, traditionally pious, and possessed an easy familiarity with the convoluted etiquette of a royal court. More had already begun writing his History of King Richard III as well; it is considered the first masterpiece of English history and is wholly pro-Tudor. And More was more convinced than ever that he needed to leave royal service. In 1537, after the split from the Roman Catholic Church proclaimed by Henry VIII, Pope Paul II created Reginald Pole who, though he had studied theology extensively and served the church, had not been ordained a priest Archbishop of Canterbury, and assigned Pole to organize efforts to replace Henry VIII with a Roman Catholic government. The Editor And his patron Morton was infamous as the architect of that kings very successful and subsequently very unpopular tax policy. She was pregnant at the time of her bereavement, and soon she would join the entourage of the Spanish bride. Following Richard's death in 1504, Margaret no longer had the fortune to support. Such was his reputation that the the great universities Oxford and Cambridge made him high steward. It was unlawful before man and God and thus void. Margaret's own favour at Court varied. More suffered a sharp chest pain, possibly angina, and begged the king to release him from his duties. As Countess of Salisbury, Margaret managed her lands well and by 1538 she was the fifth richest peer in England. He was not prepared, as he saw it, to imperil his immortal soul by taking the oath that Henry required of all his people, and he died for his belief.. In Utopia, he identified himself as a citizen of London, and it was in London that he was born on 7 February 1477, the only surviving son of John More and his first wife, Agnes Graunger. His name was on the attainder and he was brought before the Privy Council in February 1534. Based in North Carolina, Higginbotham is a lawyer by background and has written several historical novels, spanning different eras. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. Arthur Pole suffered a setback when his patron Edward Stafford, 3rd Duke of Buckingham, was convicted of treason in 1521, but he was soon restored to favour. Illustrated statistics ; Map ; Browse using this individual as Sosa/Ahnentafel #1 . If you use any of the content on this page in your own work, please use the code below to cite this page as the source of the content. There are panel paintings of Pole in the following churches: There are stained glass windows of Pole in the following churches: On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. Geoffrey appealed to Thomas Cromwell, who had him arrested and interrogated. Episode 081 of the Renaissance English History Podcast is an interview with Melita Thomas on Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. He was first appointed a Privy Councilor and accompanied Wolsey to an important diplomatic mission to Europe. On the scaffold, Margaret prayed for the royal family all except Anne Boleyns daughter, Elizabeth, whom she regarded as illegitimate. Higginbotham is more comfortable with biography, but this has not deterred her publisher from dressing up her new book like a historical novel of the type she doesnt much like, with a moody wash of colour and a woman with trailing skirts and half a head. The one potentially scandalous act of his life was his quick second marriage to a widow seven years his senior, Alice Middleton. (Margarets paternal aunt, Margaret of Burgundy, supported Perkin Warbecks conspiracy, hoping to restore the Yorkists to power.) Pole, Reginald (1500-58). It was, Pierce says, as if Margaret had won the lottery. He impressed the cardinal enough that he was knighted upon his return and made under-treasurer of the Exchequer. There is an apocryphal story that Morton predicted his bright and lively page would grow into a marvelous man. Here is an excerpt from Chapter 7, "Unheard-Of Cruelty", describing the trial and execution of Sir Thomas More. The eldest daughter of Henry VII and Elizabeth of York, Margaret was the sister of Henry VIII. She also had restored to her the title to the Earldom of Salisbury. Their old friendship was past; the kings new advisors were anti-Catholic and pro-Protestant, most notably among them was Thomas Cromwell. Did she plot against the crown? A Professional theme for architects, construction and interior designers Apainting in the National Portrait Gallery offers a grey-white face, long, guarded, medieval, remote: unknown woman, formerly known as Margaret Pole, Countess of Salisbury. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." It took the inexperience executioner a grand total of 11 swings to finally sever her head at the neck . London, WC1A 2HNletters@lrb.co.uk And so, when More returned from a diplomatic mission to France in summer 1527, the king laid the open Bible before his favorite councilor. She began to write for the. By Caroline Hallemann Published: Nov 24, 2020 By 1527, the king was in his mid-thirties, and his wife six years older. No great European power was willing to commit men or money to this crusade, but their unwillingness was not apparent at the time. "Margaret Pole, Tudor Matriarch and Martyr." It was granted, and the wealthy widow became stepmother to his four children, and More stepfather to her daughter and son. The axe hit her shoulder instead of her neck, and she escaped the guards and ran around screaming as the executioner chased her with the axe. This was partly due to Mores intellectual prominence; he was perhaps the most famous Englishman on the continent, with a wide and varied correspondence. More essentially argued that communal life is the only way to end the ill effects of self-interest on politics. Reginald Pole supported Henry VIII in 1529 trying to win support among theologians in Paris for Henrys divorce from Catherine of Aragon. Margaret was superfluous; curtly, Henry wrote her off as a fool. She was married to James IV of Scotland from 1503-1513, which united the royal houses of England and Scotland. So yes, the Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family. Katheryn Howard was fortunate. Because she was a girl Margaret did not represent the same threat. Born on the 14th August 1473, she went on to marry Sir Richard Pole in 1491. The threat seemed even greater by 1538, when the two great powers, France and the emperor, signed a peace treaty which left them free to turn their attention to the pariah nation. Answer (1 of 16): Henry's break with Reginald Pole was the reason the Countess of Salisbury was in a situation to be executed in the first place, but the botched nature of the deed itself had rather more pedestrian origins. No one would stage a rebellion in her favour while there were male Yorkists to mount a challenge. It was sumptuously furnished and built of brick a modern material but moated, crenellated, archaic in form. He was knighted in 1521, became speaker of the House of Commons in 1523, and earned the title of Chancellor of the Duchy of Lancaster. The symbolism and importance of this decision cannot be underestimated. Buckingham was alleged to have said that the lack of sons to carry on the Tudor line was Gods punishment for the imprisonment and death of the young Earl of Warwick. Two written eyewitness reports survived her execution: one by Marillac, the French ambassador, and the other by Chapuys, ambassador to the Holy Roman Emperor. His months of peace ended in 1533, when he refused to attend the coronation of Anne Boleyn. One does not have to share his religious convictions to appreciate his inner strength and noble character. Margaret's mother was the eldest daughter of Richard Neville, 16th Earl of Warwick. But not before Lina imparted . She was attended by servants and received an extensive grant of clothing in March 1541. (Scientists aren't absolutely sure that people register no pain when the head is removed or that they lose consciousness instantaneously.) He died young (about 1526) having married the heir of Roger Lewknor. Joan, wife of John Langton. Arthur had been a courtier, an able jouster and a great favourite with Henry, serving in his privy chamber. Edward IV died in 1483 when Margaret was ten. After his death, and for centuries thereafter, Sir Thomas More was known as the most famous victim of Henry VIII's tyranny. She certainly didn't bow to any pressure later in her life to give up her son. Intellectuals from England and Europe visited; More was a generous and kind host. But if the weather turns nasty you up with an anchor and let it down where there's less wind, and the fishing's better. It was the Act of Succession, passed the following month, that sealed his fate. Chapuys wrote that, "at first, when the sentence of death was made known to her, she found the thing very strange, not knowing of what crime she was accused, nor how she had been sentenced". Birth City: London, England. Answer (1 of 6): Anne Boleyn's death would have been instant and painless - to the extent that we can guess, anyway. He was even more aware than the king of Mores popular appeal; and this was to Mores detriment for it meant that his refusal to publicly support the king was not something that could be forgiven or forgotten. Thick as thieves, More and the king continued to establish a close relationship, with More rising up in the ranks. Cardinal and archbishop of Canterbury.Pole was a younger son of Margaret, countess of Salisbury, daughter of George, duke of Clarence: he was therefore of the blood royal and his mother was governess and companion of Princess Mary.Intended from the beginning for the church, he spent 1521-7 on the continent in study. Under interrogation, Geoffrey said that his eldest brother, Lord Montagu, and the Marquess had been parties to his correspondence with Reginald. In the spring of 1536 the Boleyn family were destroyed, and the Pole family and other English grandees grouped themselves about the incoming queen, Jane Seymour. Birth Country: United Kingdom. I decided to investigate anemometers, because I wanted to look at different ways of measuring wind speed. [6] She remained there until she returned to favour when Henry VIII came to the throne in 1509. When he later built his Great House in Chelsea, its rooms were specifically designed to encourage quiet study and prayer. Perhaps more than any other courtier of Henrys reign, More embodied the searching, troubled spirit of the early 16th century. Her early years are obscure. Chapuys suggested to Emperor Charles V that Reginald marry Mary and combine their dynastic claims. But his older brother perished and the younger brother was crowned at 18 years old, and quickly wed his brothers widow. Susan Higginbothams carefully written book comes with a misleading cover puff: At last, a biography of one of the most fascinating women of the Tudor period, who has too long been overlooked. Pope Paul III put him in charge of organising assistance for the Pilgrimage of Grace (and related movements). The kings mother, Margaret Beaufort, was protective of young brides; her own body had been wrecked by a pregnancy at 13. Born in 1473 into a world of bloody dynastic feuds, she survived under the first Tudor and thrived under the second, until she and her family, long suspected of plots against the regime, were destroyed. He did not share his opinion with the king. They married less than a month after Jane Colts death and More had to seek special dispensation from the church. It is painted on a dateable oak panel, and the dates suit the presumed subject, but the artist is anonymous. He was a brilliant scholar of the Renaissance who died rather than betray the Catholic church. When Henry began to poll the European universities about the legality of his annulment, he chose Reginald to visit the Sorbonne, and had no fault to find with the way he carried out his mission. She is the daughter of a duke and the niece of two kings, Edward IV and Richard III. Hilary Mantelwasthe author of nine novels and three collections of short stories in addition to her prize-winning trilogy about Thomas Cromwell. Henry married Margarets cousin, Elizabeth of York, and imprisoned Margarets brother as a potential threat to his kingship. The king raged. In 1540, Cromwell fell from favour and was attainted and executed. Margaret's mother died when she was three; her father had two servants killed when he thought they had poisoned her. She was a decade and a half younger than he was, and he never seems to have felt anything more than a brotherly affection for her. She, her grandson, Henry (son of her own son Henry), and Exeter's son were held together and supported by the king. [9] Her youngest son, Geoffrey Pole, married well to Constance, daughter of Edmund Pakenham, and inherited the estate of Lordington in Sussex. Get the best results here. The prestige of her ancient family, her traditionalist stance in religion, and her status as a peer in her own right all these defined a woman who might wish to resist the new order. Known for:Her family connections to wealth and power, which at some times of her life meant she wielded wealth and power, and at other times meant she was subject to great risks during great controversies. It was the beginning of a fertile new line. This conviction meant they lost their titles and their landsmostly in the South of England--conveniently located to assist any invasion. In 1539, Reginald was sent to the Emperor to organize an embargo against Englandthe sort of countermeasure he had himself warned Henry was possible.[14]. As his disgrace deepened, Margaret withdrew from court. On her wrist, emblematic, is a small barrel. Cardinal Wolsey and the king needed no further reason to bring More into the kings service. Margaret was not executed with her eldest son, but was held in the Tower for the last years of her life the king paying her bills, outfitting her as became a great lady in furred petticoats and a satin nightgown. Was the family sincere in deploring his disloyalty? Margaret kept silent on the matter. When Catherine of Aragon gave birth to a daughter, Mary, Margaret Pole was asked to be one of the godmothers. But eventually the break between the king and his chief minister could not be ignored. When Reginald was seven, and Margaret a widow with an uncertain future, she sent him to be educated at Sheen with the monks of the Charterhouse. It was Mores execution far more than those of Anne Boleyn or Thomas Cromwell or Margaret Pole which established the kings reputation for capricious cruelty. The picture was cleaned in 1973, and study suggested that some original features have almost vanished. Henry was negotiating a glorious marriage for Prince Arthur, to a daughter of Ferdinand and Isabella. Thomas More (1478-1535), lawyer and moral philosopher, is still regarded by many Catholics as the quintessential good man. May 28, 2015. This was an obvious lie; More had never said anything of the sort to any other visitor, why Rich? London Review of Books Margaret if it is she wears coral and ermine. She managed her lands quite well, and became one of the five or six wealthiest peers in England. When Richard Pole died in 1504 Margaret had had to borrow money to give him a suitable funeral. De la Pole family were cousins to de la Pole family House Chelsea! 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