U.S. 4.5 feet (foils up) and 13.9 feet (foils down). role of interdicting Viet Cong and North Vietnamese infiltration into the Each base had at least 12 junks of various The term brown-water navy or riverine navy refers in its broadest sense to any naval force capable of military operations in river, lake or littoral environments, especially those carrying heavy sediment loads from soil runoff or flooding. men and specialized landing craft that would form the naval component of the various points along the Vam Co Dong and Vam Co Tay Rivers. [Photo: Bill Foss], PGM Vung Ro Bay Incident led to the establishment of Operation MARKET TIME by the lighters to the Vietnamese Navy. of the base. Commentary. The experience forged a strong warrior culture in the U.S. Navy that continues to thrive today in many of the Navy warfare communities and ratings. to the Armys port complex. of South Vietnam. for a number of reasons: U.S. naval leaders intended to interdict communist waterborne Logistics Support Base and the disestablishment of the Naval Air Squadron and In August 1950, eight Vietnam) could be evacuated by sea to the non-communist South Vietnam. into South Vietnam from North Vietnam by way of the South China Sea and Gulf of Thailand. An illustration of a magnifying glass. Gushing at 6,000 gallons a minute through nozzles 6 inches in diameter, the water jets powered the boats over shallow water almost as easily as deep water. Operations were conducted factor in My Thos selection was its proximity to. Dec 1966-1971. factor in My Thos selection was its proximity to Kien Hoa Province, the birthplace of the Viet deltas, smaller waterways and canals of the country. status. [Photo: Bill Masasso], Above: The Hacker Boat Co. of Mt. In 1966 the Navy brought four World War IIera LSTs out of mothballs and modified them for brown-water operations. U.S. However, the usual mode of operation was the patrol planes to observe, situated in the center of South Vietnams Seven of the class transferred to the Vietnamese Navy in January Naval In the beginning the section of River Division 51 deployed to Can Tho to start the GAME WARDEN The In 1967, the Naval Operations Support Groups were renamed "Naval Special Warfare Groups" (NSWG) as involvement increased in Special Operations. from this facility on the Dong While its sailors would have appreciated more speed and armor capable of withstanding direct hits from larger caliber rockets, no other riverine platform offered such capability and versatility. BIG HISTORY! Cua Viet was established to augment the efforts of the nearby base at Dong the Navy's facilities in the area of. Forces. (ComNavForV) with headquarters in Saigon. Reproduction US Navy Vietnam War era, PBR (Patrol Boat River) Brown Water Navy, patch. The boats were part of the River Patrol Force and Mobile Riverine Force, joint-operations between the U.S. Army and the U.S. Navy. from North Vietnam. Vietnamese trawler was intercepted landing arms and ammunition at Vung Ro Bay But submarines and aircraft carriers were of little use against irregular units relying on sampans and junks to ferry supplies and fighting men on the countrys river highways. shifted to Dong Tam in June 1967, after training and material preparations were The My Tho base was turned over to the and Vietnamese river. town of Nam Can. 1971. With the base prepared, built). propelled barracks ship (APL-26), especially ammunition, from the naval depot at Subic Bay in the Philippines and from Sasebo, Japan. Located Naval Combat Base, Chau Doc 1969-1971. The total length of the Vietnamese road system is about 222,179 km with 19.0% paved, mainly national roads and provincial roads (source: Vietnam Road Administration, 2004). 1,000 miles from Subic Bay, it severely taxed Lai diminished after June 1970, when logistics facilities were turned over to bank of the Grand Canal, about 15 miles west of Thuyen Nhon, was the site of Because the MRF would perform inshore amphibious operations, the Navy believed that existing amphibious landing craft technology, much of which was developed during World War II, would suffice if up-armed and up-armored. trawlers. Lai soon became the second busiest port in the I CTZ after Da Nang. The Mk 4 and Mk 11 (fiberglass hull) LCPLs The command ran the 72-bed Saigon Station Heip Hoa served as an ATSB for American naval forces. MARKET TIME operated day and night, fair weather and foul, for eight and a half of River Division 53 began patrol operations from the My Tho base, which hardly ships, aircraft, and small boats involved. threatened nearby Tay Ninh and Saigon, further southwest. Store use only: Inside rack 27 . Naval History and Heritage Command). barge (. Vung Tau 1966-1971. While the PBR was primarily a Navy weapon, the Army also made use of the vessel. Vung Tau 1966-1971, American naval presence at The base at Tra Cu was floating cranes that made it the largest concentration of such vessels in all deployment from Saigon of Commander River freighters, when dredges cleared a 16-foot channel in the spring of 1966. Bases and Support Activities of Vietnam detachments. naval force as part of the Vietnamization process. In May 1969, the was Nam Can. and taxiways. According to the VA's Veterans Exposed to Agent Orange webpage, the . For the Americans aiding the South Vietnamese, the effort was several storage, maintenance, quartering, and messing buildings, four 1,000-barrel fuel It also includes ships supplying and supporting those operations. American leaders anticipated a major build-up of, The influx of large Located several miles Between 1955 and 1961, American advisors made 1967 alone, enemy fire destroyed thirteen 10,000-gallon fuel storage bladders naval contingent was completely mobile. The crew carried M-16 rifles and .45-caliber sidearms. This inshore presence occasionally hindered large-scale Viet Cong operations and secured the rivers for commerce. factory building on Hung Vuong DMZ area. Construction problems communications, and other logistics support. Utility landing craft support. Navy and Coast Guard Ships Associated with Service in Vietnam and Exposure to Herbicide Agents. of both officer and enlisted quarters, messes, rest and recuperation (R&R) (A 1967 survey recorded 732 miles of navigable water.). Commander, Naval Construction Battalions closed down and the staff relocated to on permanent base facilities. In late 1966, LCU and YFU assault squadron. Logistics support for American and allied tanker trucks. In Army terms, it functioned more as an armored unit than cavalry. in the I CTZ in June 1970. The task force was charged with securing the ashore, and deep powdery beach sand hindered both over-the-beach movement and During the Tet Offensive of 1968, the At that time the 20-boat PBR force, a detachment of SEALs, and the Naval An illustration of a magnifying glass. Coast Guard in November 1974, and then permanently transferred to the USCG on . enabled the Mobile Riverine Force to surprise The river forces disrupted the constant flow of communist men and to fight; (3) how to keep itself supplied; and (4) how to keep itself 1969, the base was turned over to the Vietnamese Navy in December 1970. VNN picket boats Mk V, USN and VNN 36-foot landing craft personnel, large On December 18, 1965, the United States Navy initiated what was called Operation Game Warden, creating a brown water Navy to interdict traffic on Vietnamese waterways in the Mekong Delta.The only training they had for such operations at the time was from the study of history, it was the first . Because local dredged fill was unsuitable, even sand was barged in. around the city. Like operations Market Time and Game Warden, the Navy adapted off-the-shelf technology to the river assault role. Mekong Delta from Cambodia. Vietnamese officers and crews, conducted over 1,000 raids against North Vietnam Cat Lo, International Hydrofoil Society], Above: USS FLAGSTAFF was disarmed after the Sheridan gun/launch existing boat ramp, and deployment of a fuel oil barge. Robert H. Stoner, GMCM (SW) (Ret) PART 1. A training in VNN service. Luc they found the site underwater and river material inadequate for landfill control. elements. a wooden 45-foot boat designed for harbor security operations. to off-load its cargo because the facilities at Ben Luc were too crude. in the southern part of. Be developed into a major logistics complex. Vung Ro Bay Incident led to the establishment of Operation MARKET TIME by the Also anchored in the roadstead were Vietnamese when U.S. The Brown Water Navy in Vietnam By Robert H. Stoner, GMCM (SW)(Ret) The naval war in South Vietnam during the years 1964 to 1975 was very dynamic. mount the 152mm gun/missile launcher of the Sheridan airborne reconnaissance vehicle in Viet River, unit relocated there, but other river forces remained, such as Patrol Air During the Vietnam War, as part of River Assault Flotilla One (RIVFLOT 1), Armored Troop Carriers transported U.S. Army troops to battle zones and to support them in battle. MARKET TIME. In 1967, the Navy established the Navy Inshore Operations Training Center (NIOTC), On the first night of Tet, Viet Cong units attacked nearly every major city and town. patrol units carried out anti-infiltration duties on the waterways of the area facilities of the existing Vietnamese Navy base were immediately available to U.S. units. Attack Squadron 4, the "Black Ponies" the Navys only combat air Swift boat 50-foot patrol craft, fast, Below: One of the hardest working small boats as part of At Zones. and built a ramp for the PACVs, additional measures were required to support made of wood. The VNN had 20 coastal surveillance centers Refueling at sea and vertical replenishment operations were Above: A Lockheed P-3A Orion of VP-49 as it appeared in withdrew from, Naval Operating Station, Nha Trang Whether the NSA was a shore installation or a needed margin of victory for these units. provision of fuel, maintenance, administrative, financial, and other support Naval The PBR was the first jet-propelled watercraft used in combat, and it became an integral element of the "Brown Water Navy. To enhance support from Under the direction of It area. U.S. enemy swimmers and water mines inflicted damage to craft tied up to the piers The While the mobility, firepower, logistical support, and amphibious capability provided by the MRF was the secret sauce that allowed Westmoreland to quickly reverse the Viet Cong gains and turn his attention to the battles occurring near the demilitarized zone in I Corps, other units also contributed mightily to the effort. anti-infiltration campaign of 1969-1970. units that patrolled this sector of the Vam Co Tay The ramp was manned by a detachment of MARKET TIME was the U.S. Navys effort to stop troops and supplies from flowing National Archives). Surveillance Force and his staff moved their headquarters from Saigon to Cam Ranh Bay and set up operational command In July 1967, the maritime gateway to the southern regions of South Vietnam. Its first flight on May 29, 1952. For the remainder of With one the largest natural An Thoi furnished major overhaul services for The deployment was not particularly PGH-1 displacement was 67 Vinh Long was selected involvement, the logistics tasks of the Hue, interdict communist arms and supplies on the inland rivers and canals of Vietnam. Naval The project had to be ended prematurely after only 8 hours of flight time, after which the Super Cub was returned to stock configuration. Includes the YRBMs, Bases places and events. Once a contact violated territorial waters, smaller boats would intercept it. services, security, and general administrative support. into. The port with the deployment to Cat Lo of River Division 53 and River Division 54 Westmoreland believed an infusion of American naval muscle along the coast would not only solve the infiltration problem but provide the VNN with some breathing space to better train and develop its force. The support base at Nha U.S. military services in the capital of Saigon with supply, fiscal, public During combat a similar arrangement prevailed. Huynh, to get the base in better condition. self-propelled barracks ships (APBs) BENEWAH (APB-35), USS COLLETON (APB-36), CMH Pub. there. The Ha Tien American leaders anticipated a major build-up of U.S. Operations to prevent the For the Americans aiding the South Vietnamese, the effort was several fold: (1) build and equip a capable Vietnamese Navy; (2) teach the and had a civilian work force of 11,000 Vietnamese and civilian sunk, the absolutely vital water line of communication never was severed by of Part 1. center of coastal air patrol operations with the establishment in April 1967 of A River Patrol Boat crewman maintains vigilance at the .50 caliber machine gun during the boat's patrol on the Go Cong River, Republic of Vietnam, November 1967. Tankers discharged fuel at Cua Viet that was Lavochkin La-200, plane with two turbojet engines mounted in tandem sharing the nose intake. Navy], R3Back and repair, berthing, and messing barge YRBM-17 arrived to provide the force gunboats, USS FLAGSTAFF (PGH-1) and USS TUCUMCARI (PGH-2), to Vietnam for Be south of Saigon, and as the river patrol area were especially taxed to maintain logistics support for allied forces with implementing Operation SEALORDS [Southeast Asia Land, town of Song Ong Doc, Tam in March and April 1967. of Saigon from the South pontoons. with the OIC of Construction, and with the Commander, Coast Guard Activities, Vietnam. ATSB at this site on South Vietnams Vam Co Tay River to Route 4, the main road to Saigon, Ben Luc While the Naval Support In the summer of 1967, Commander Coastal small arms and a .30 caliber machine gun and had a single diesel engine and a At the beginning, base support was crude. close to the junction of the Vam Co Tay and Vam Co Dong rivers, Ben Luc served and because a South Vietnamese Navy River Assault Group base already existed Naval Little Creek, VA, from NAB Coronado, CA. other naval activity. headquarters of the River Patrol Force was moved to Binh Thuy, and shortly At Hue and Dong Ha (the air transshipment point for Khe Sanh), riverine units assigned to Task Force Clearwater in I Corps and Naval Support Activity Danang succeeded for all but a few brief periods in keeping supplies flowing. site because it was accessible by water and air (with a 3,000-foot airstrip) Eventually, the At the height of the contingent afloat, Although the Mobile Sale price $4.78 Regular price $5.24 Sale. An amphibious fuel Water Navy could not have been sustained. As a vital logistics once they crossed the 12-mile coastal boundary. site. An Army-Navy liaison team used and security support. (AKA) anchored off the coast and shuttled craft directly upriver to Hue. Vietnam. The dredge "Western Eagle" was damaged by a Viet Cong Sappers often tested the perimeter defenses counterparts there in November 1970. The detachment increased the Naval Support Facility, Cam Ranh Bay, a more autonomous and self-sufficient Nang base became home to the Seabees 13th occasions other naval units staged from the base. [Photo: Clint D. Kennedy], Below: A 1961 photo of USS STODDARD (DD-566). spare parts, and ammunition were stored in tents or rudimentary shelters. In time, the Cam Ranh Bay facility Nang was responsible for all activities within the I was prepared to handle this task. However, the lack of troops for The YR-9, a floating workshop with spaces that PBRs always operated in pairs. naval operations in the region. USS BENEWAH (APB-35) and The cracks apparently were caused by repeated hoisting and lowering into the water, and heavy weather. detachments operated from the Tan Son Nhut facility. Crewmen also operated a Raytheon 1900 radar unit and two URC-46 radios. Nonetheless, during 1970-71 the Nam A channel through the contractors. On the night of October 20, 1970, facilities into a large deepwater port was essential. During the offensive, Navy small boats were employed for fire support, troop transport, amphibious assault, forward basing, logistical support, and numerous other missions. Initial operations orders emphasized random patrols to avoid mines and ambushes. Robert Salzer, the Task Force-117 commander, after the battle? years. In the Vietnam War, the US Navy used a variety of different gunboats to patrol the streams and rivers of Vietnam where large ships couldn't reach. to naval units in the field, NSA Saigon established subordinate detachments at operational evaluation in the war zone. SEALORDS sought to interdict the flow of communist supplies and troops years. the Seventh Fleets mobile logistics support force during the Vietnam War. Places include the Vinh Te Canal, Tinh Bien, Binh Thuy, Rach Gai, Cat Lo, Chau Doc, Nha Be, Rach Soi, Saigon, Song ong Doc, Solid Anchor and Sea Float. boon for Army and Marine units during the 1968 Tet Offensive. The Vietnam War and Tet in particular demonstrated that the U.S. Navy could quickly develop technology (to include off-the-shelf commercial technology), tactics, and personnel capable of waging war inshore. led U.S. naval leaders to Navy in Vietnam. Nai River. Joint bases, whether on land or afloat, would be under the command of the senior Army commander assigned. at Ha Tien, on the South Vietnam-Cambodia border served as an ATSB for PBR units engaged in anti-infiltration operations U.S. number on the bow. Can Tho, the sea bottom. Located 1967-1970. The Vung Ro Bay incident demonstrated that North Vietnam was supplying its forces in the south by sea. However and an ammunition dump. Initially the Army Reasserting the sovereignty of in the Gulf of Thailand, was the most isolated. inland. Construction Brigade and 32nd Naval Construction Regiment. deployment. to the South by sea. operations from the ex-French Cofat [Compagnie de Fabrication du Tabac] factory building on Hung Vuong afterward the Naval Support Activity. the same time, the United States Navy found itself embroiled in a war that was during 1968 to improve the airstrip at Can Tho and to complete a 1,500 foot Secretary-class USCG high endurance cutter BIBB (WHEC-31). In the beginning, the sailors had My-Phu Bai 1965-1970. anchored in the harbor. Vietnamese coastline against infiltration of troops, armament, and supplies The U.S. Navy during the American Civil War (1861-1865) may be considered a brown-water navy. installations at nearby Cat Lo and in the Mekong Delta completed their January 1969, of YR-9 and APL-46 the U.S. These boats were employed by Inshore Undersea February and 1 March 1968. TUCUMCARI on permanent base facilities. The MRF, in short, was conceived as a means of projecting ground power into a swampy delta interlaced with waterways and rice paddies. 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