It is estimated that approximately 7,800 men were killed during the three days of that battle. The streets were lined with weeping spectators, and when they were laid to rest on what would become known as Gettysburg Hill in Hollywood Cemetery, the Rev. It is interesting that on the lists that accompanied each shipment, Weaver made careful notes about the original burial location for each set of remains. Biggs himself couldnt read or write, but he must have realized that moving north would afford his children opportunities out of reach in his home state. ET on PBS), I learned something that took myand Annasbreath away. 05/14/63, d. 10/05/64), Louisa (b. Egerton responded by calling upon a number of people in Richmond whom she thought might have some influence in the matter, among them Stiles and Dr. Hunter McGuire, and members of the now-revived HMA. The perseverance of the president of the association, however, aided by [an unnamed] farmers wife, finally secured his permission without compensation. Reading Biggs headstone, we learn that he died June 6, 1906, 38 years before the date June 6 would be sealed in world memory as D-Day. This reference book provides information on 24,000 Confederate soldiers killed, wounded, captured or missing at the Battle of Gettysburg. History is who we are and why we are the way we are.. He was a physician and a lecturer in human anatomy at a medical school in Philadelphia. The moment was captured in February 1864, in a churchyard in Hanover, a town east of Gettysburg, where 19 Union soldiers were killed in a cavalry skirmish the day before the battle. Gettysburg was founded in 1786 and named after Samuel Gettys, an early settler and tavern owner. He was born February 13, 1932, in Carlisle, PA. I was inflexible in enforcing this rule, and . Some of them were in trenches, side by side. Of the 137 sets of remains sent to Raleigh and honored with a dedication ceremony on October 1 were 45 soldiers buried at Camp Letterman and 27 buried at the Jacob Hanky Farm on the Mummasburg Road, which served as a field hospital for Maj. Gen. Robert Rodes Division. Gettysburg National Cemetery is a United States national cemetery created for Union casualties from the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War. He entered the same information in his logbook. The ladies seemed to feel that the matter was settled, leaving them with no further responsibility. The boxes had been sent by Samuel Weavers son, Rufus B. Weaver, who had carefully packed 239 bodies he could identify in individual boxes. During the three days of combat, the invading Confederate troops turned Basils farm into a field hospital. Bachelder worked harder to have this monument erected than any other on the field. Janney, Caroline E. Burying the Dead But Not the Past: Ladies Memorial Associations & TheLost Cause. On Thursday he ate his dinner with the family after which he said he did not feel well, and would go upstairs . Despite the money still owed to him, Weaver commenced work again in the spring of 1873, shipping 333 sets of remains on May 17 in time for the Memorial Day celebration on Gettysburg Hill. It appears that Egerton might have taken a different tack this time, for in 1902 a member of the Richmond chapter of the Daughters of the Confederacy reported to the HMA that an appeal had been made to UDC chapters across the South for the funds needed to pay the remaining debt owed to Weaver. A Maryland Dumping Site Was Actually A Black Cemetery. In the months and years after the titanic Civil War battle here in July 1863, Weaver was part of a vast and grisly enterprise in which the bodies of thousands of soldiers, first Union and then Confederate, were exhumed and moved. Ancestors. He has a large practice and his residence is a magnificent one, surrounded by one hundred and twenty acres of land.. Delivering up to one hundred bodies per day, Weaver kept careful notes on each burial he located in order to determine identity, allegiance, and preserve personal effects for the families. JAMES H. LANE Gettysburg 1911 Civil War Portrait RRC Panel RARE! In 1863, in the aftermath of the Battle of Gettysburg, efforts quickly got underway to bury the thousands of dead men scattered around the town. His tombstone in Mount Vernon Cemetery in Philadelphia is a simple affair, engraved only with his name, date of birth, and date of death. In a December 25, 1878, letter written apparently to Mrs. Brown, Egerton complained that she had written you from time to time for the past three years on this subject without one word of reply and informed her that she had asked Stiles and Judge J.H.C. His obituary in The Philadelphia Inquirer lauds his long career as a professor of anatomy at Hahnemann Medical College in Philadelphia, where he became famous for being the first person to successfully dissect the complete cerebrospinal nervous system of a human being. The ladies of the South sprang into action, and before the end of the year the Ladies Memorial Associations of Charleston, Raleigh, Richmond, and Savannah were raising funds to pay for the exhumation, transfer, and reburial in their native soil of the fallen soldiers from their states. Weaver was far less sanguine than the ladies about the prospects of recovery from the Maury estate. 13, 1811] Instrumental in that process was teamster Samuel Weaver, who was hired as superintendent for the exhuming of bodies from the battlefield. Eighty-four sets of remains were sent to Charleston, where a dedication ceremony was held on May 10, 1871. The clue to that lies in a comment made in a draft letter written by a member of the HMA in late 1891. By then, the family had $1,000 worth of property and enough room for a farm hand. 3. How could an obligation of this size have been created? Laboring under the shadow of the Soldiers National Cemetery, Creighton writes, the Sons of Good Will struggled to find and maintain a place to bury black veterans.. What set them apart from neighbors such as Joseph Sherfy and William Bliss was that they were Black. The Battle of Gettysburg, which we all remember from school, raged from July 1 to July 3, 1863. Heres what we learn in a July 20, 2013, posting on the Blog of Gettysburg National Military Park about the artist John Bachelder, who devoted himself to preserving the history and memory of the battle for future generations: If a single monument were selected to represent [John] Bachelder and how he viewed the battle it would be the High Water Mark monument at the Copse of Trees on Cemetery Ridge, along Hancock Avenue. There is absolutely no money to get and no legal steps by which you could secure it if there were is written in thick strokes. Chapel Hill: The University of North Carolina Press, 2008. Gettysburg ended Confederate general Robert E. Lee's ambitious second quest to invade the North and bring the Civil War to a . This week's article is by Gettysburg Connection contributor Jenine Weaver. Reports began to reach Southern ears in the summer of 1869 that the Northern graves of their fallen sons were being obliterated by years of plowing and neglect. Leander Warren, who helped carry the bodies from Gettysburg when he was 13 years old, recalled this arrangement in a 1936 article in the Gettysburg Star and Sentinel: Basil Biggs, colored, of Gettysburg, was given the contract for disinterring the bodies on the field. In 1863, Samuel Weaver carefully exhumed thousands of Union bodies from Gettysburg battlefield for burial in the new National Cemetery. His list would be the starting point for those wishing to locate Southern remains. The men picked up coffins at the railway station, brought them to the original burial site, and, under the supervision of a man named Samuel Weaver, took their time to inspect and remove the remains. Once Confederate dead had been retrieved, and lacking funds for any other enterprises, the HMA essentially dissolved. . Charlotte Catherine Weaver Culp was the niece of Samuel Weaver. Follow him onTwitterandFacebook. Dont miss Episode 3 of Finding Your Roots tomorrow night! Janet S. McCabe volunteers at the George Spangler Farm & Field Hospital at Gettysburg and is a lifelong student of Civil War history. Of course, given the absolute secrecy the Underground Railroad had to maintain, we couldnt find documents listing his participation in this or that slave escape. Samuel Weaver passed away on month day 1920, at death place, Missouri. The funds were deposited at Brown Lancaster & Co. of Baltimore, paid to the order of Mrs. A.D. Egerton of that city. It was dedicated Nov. 19, 1863, and immortalized in a speech given there by President Abraham Lincoln. During the spring and summer of 1871, Dr. Weaver labored for the ladies of the Charleston, S.C., Savannah, Ga., and Wake County (Raleigh, N.C.) Memorial Associations to exhume soldiers from those states and ship them home. Weaver agreed to forgo the interest if the original principal of $6,356 could be paid. Samuel was the first full-time photographer in Gettysburg and his photo gallery was on the second floor of his home on West Middle Street. Blocher removed the plate and refused to give it up until he was given $10. In today's post, Gettysburg Licensed Battlefield Guide Deb Novotny describes some highlights of the life of Samuel Weaver, one of . He was pushing the work as he knew that if it were put off much longer there would be little left to retrieve. It engaged my time from April 19th to Sep 10th 1872, & from April 9th to Oct 3rd 1873 with the exception of seven weeks which I spent in Washington, D.C. obtaining data and copying over 14,000 names etc from the original records of the Confederate dead. 94: How did the war dead from the Battle of Gettysburg get buried, and by whom? Today, the High Water Mark Monument is one of the most solemn spots on the battlefield, where tourists peer out, trying to imagine the spectacle of Picketts Charge and the climactic fighting of the three-day campaign that repelled the Confederates from northern soil. Samuel Hodgman served with the Seventh Michigan Volunteer Infantry Unit of the Union Army at the Battle of Gettysburg. The Union army had no regular burial details and no grave registration units, Harvard historian Drew Gilpin Faust wrote in her 2008 book, This Republic of Suffering: Death and the American Civil War.. After the battle, Basil returned home to find his farm in ruins. Basil Biggss greatest living monument is his great-great granddaughter Anna Deavere Smith. All the lawyers in the land cannot wipe out the sacred obligation imposed on the Association for its liquidation.. Two weeks later, Weaver wrote Egerton again, asking her to inquire among her friends in Richmond if there was anything more to be had from the Maury estate. He set them aside in special packages for relatives or friends to claim later. Several years after the war, perhaps in 1868 or 1869 [John] Bachelder came upon Basil Biggs, a farmer whose property included the Copse of Trees, who was busy cutting the trees down. Did he wonder whether any of the men he came across had owned (or kidnapped) slaves? I touched on those men briefly in a previous column in this series, but in investigating the family tree of the brilliantly talented professor, playwright and actress Anna Deavere Smithfor Episode 3 ofFinding Your Roots: Season 2 (airing tomorrow at 8 p.m. Even though Biggs didnt live to see that day, he had seen other harrowing days, especially before the Civil War. Many of the photographs taken during the cemetery's consecration ceremonies have been attributed to the Weavers. On December 31, 1891, the Board gave the ladies the unwelcome news that Weavers claims were legitimate. in memory of the Confederate dead, and yet there remains this unpaid debt.My dear Mrs. Egerton, may I urge you to another effort in this long delayed matter which causes me serious embarrassment?. by Rodney Kennedy . Whatever the cause, he allowed more than a hint of frustration to seep into this letter. The Richmond ladies sent him payments totaling $2,800, but still owed $6,000 for the work. It required one with anatomical knowledge, to gather all the bones, Weaver wrote later. Dimmock that you should be the go between them and me, feeling that her involvementone of their own, he called herwould make them more comfortable in their dealings with him, a stranger. Before the Civil War, Biggs had been a farmer, veterinarian and a conductor on the Underground Railroad. They would not finish their workwhich amounted to more than 3500 corpsesuntil the Middle of March 1864. In other words, it took President Lincoln little more than two minutes to orate what he had written, while it took Biggs and his crew four months to finish their grisly task. The UDC was a product of the 1890s, and its membership and influence were beginning to eclipse that of the older memorial associations. Work began Oct. 27, 1863, with Biggs and his men having to dig up, transport and rebury the 3,354 corpses that littered the area. Once again, the ladies of the HMA reacted angrily, demanding the UDC cease its efforts in that regard because the matter is entirely between the HMA and Dr. Weaver. Their reaction might have stemmed from the growing rivalry between the ladies of the HMA and the newer, larger organization. His name was Basil Biggs,and his life and toil in Gettysburg wereand always will beheroically bound to the battle that turned the tide in the war that transformed America from a slave nation into the land of the free. 03/20/60 - married Andrew Fritz), Samuel David (b. 2. . A second shipment of 882 remains was sent August 3, and a final shipment of 683 remains was sent September 10 for that year. So, after the Sons of Good Will opened Lincoln Cemetery, were black soldiers later buried in the Gettysburg National Cemetery that Biggs had helped consecrate during the Civil War? In making the dead and their families whole, Biggs saw a way to make his family whole. At some point, the ladies of the Hollywood Memorial Association expanded the scope of the enterprise to include all unidentified remains, in addition to the known Virginia dead. Initially this group turned to Samuel Weaver, the same man who had disinterred the Union dead and who had taken careful note of Confederate burials in the process. Levi H. Mumper was born on May 8, 1843, to Samuel Weaver Mumper and Mary Catherine (Shultz) Mumper in a house near Dillsburg. Explore. Many news organizations assigned reporters to follow the battles and skirmishes, among them prominent New York Times correspondent Samuel Wilkeson, whose nineteen-year-old son was killed on the first day of battle at Gettysburg; Thomas Morris Chester (1834-1892) of the Philadelphia Press, the war's only African American reporter; and Uriah Hunt Painter (1837-1897), a writer for the . Henry Louis Gates Jr.is the Alphonse Fletcher University Professor and founding director of the Hutchins Center for African and African American Research at Harvard University. In 2014, a bronze marker honoring Weaver was erected on Lefevre Street in Gettysburg, and in 2015 a similar plaque was placed in Hollywood Cemetery, on Gettysburg Hill, acknowledging a debt of honor owed by all Southerners, and recognizing his generosity and humanity. Perhaps, after all, its better to be memorialized in bronze than to be paid in coppers. By April 20, the HMA had forwarded funds so that work could commence as soon as Dr. Weaver could go to Gettysburg. A soldier identified as Charles Sets had a pocketbook and locks of hair from his father, mother, sister and brother. Keep supporting great journalism by turning off your ad blocker. He explained that I suggested to him that if he cut them, then he was only getting for them their value as rails, whereas, if he allowed them to stand to mark the spot he would eventually get ten times as much for them. Biggs was a shrewd businessman as well as a successful farmer and this line of argument worked. A Material Culture Analysis of the Report of Samuel Weaver, Gettysburg, 1864 Some years back, Civil War historian and sculptor Michael Kraus introduced me to a small gem of a document, the report of Samuel Weaver, contained within Report of the Select Committee Relative to the Soldier's National Cemetery (Harrisburg, Singerly & Myers, State Printers, 1864; you can read it online here ). Pennsylvania, USA Death: Aug. 31, 1807 Adams County Pennsylvania, USA. About a decade later . . Soldiers were generally buried where they fell, and any farmers field was likely to contain a grave. Thats right: The actual work of digging up and transporting the cadavers was farmed out to Basil Biggs as subcontractor, and Biggs then hired several black men to tackle the monumental task. It worked. In the process of examining the bodies, he often found things the men had been carrying. 1 Roy, Paul L., editor, "Pennsylvania at Gettysburg: The Seventy-Fifth Anniversary of the Battle of Gettysburg" (Gettysburg: Times and News Publishing Company, 1939).. 2 For reasons noted above, any such list is bound to omit some names, including those of veterans who attended at their own expense. In fact, she was downright dismissive. In some cases, skeletons wearing tattered Union uniforms lay in plain sight. The reburial work moved decorously. The wagons were draped in white and black and covered with flowers and Confederate banners. I expostulated with him, wrote Bachelder, about the trees historic value, but Biggs, who had lived west of Gettysburg during the battle and had helped re-bury Union dead to the Soldiers National Cemetery after the battle, was unmoved. (Confederates werent provided for in the cemetery, although according to the National Park Service, a few ended up there anyway.) Apparently, farmer John Rose was not sympathetic to their mission. We never undertook to collect anything from the Maury estate.Of course if any of this money had been paid to us we would have needed no reminder from you that we had agreed to turn it over to you.. Weaver, in a report to cemetery authorities, never mentioned the odor that must have attended his work. Casualties are listed by state and unit, in many cases with specifics regarding wounds, circumstances of casualty, military service, genealogy and physical descriptions. Kathleen Logothetis Thompson graduated from Siena College in May 2010 with a B.A. The procession was headed by a band, along with the mayor and city officials. His victory at Chancellorsville had raised the morale of his army and he believed it was then the right time to take the fight to the Union Army. from New Orleans Theological Seminary and his Ph.D. in Rhetoric from Louisiana State University. This unfortunate result of the battle wouldnt be Biggs only encounter with dead soldiers in Gettysburg. Who could possibly owe him a sum of that size? She earned her M.A. If the soldier was from the South, he was left in place, and his grave closed up again. We are sad to announce that on November 21, 2022, at the age of 90, William Samuel Weaver of Carlisle, Pennsylvania passed away. A great Southern Relief Fair was held in Baltimore in April 1866, the proceeds of which were intended to help recovery efforts in the still devastated South. Did Biggs have nightmares? She was a member of the three-woman committee appointed to distribute funds allocated for the relief of Virginia. While the Union dead were quickly moved to their new resting place in the cemetery, the Confederate dead were left in their battlefield graves. It was an enormous task, and most of the bodies ended up in shallow mass graves. What most of us werent taught about Gettysburg, though, is that the job of burying those bodies fell to African Americans who, having suffered personally as a result of the battle, formed burial details in aid of its commemoration. According to a study of the aftermath of the battle by historian Gregory A. Coco, a Gettysburg teenager named Leander Warren, who ferried bodies and pine coffins in a freight wagon, had vivid memories of the work: Many friends of the dead soldiers came here to witness the disinterment of their loved ones and the new burial in the national plot. Soon enough, though, the challenge of proper burial . Men had been shot to death, struck by cannon balls, stabbed with bayonets, clubbed with rifle butts and burned. Once again, Basil found himself at the center of history. He married Eva Nancy Burton on 6 September 1884. . Southern armies were in a similar predicament. He also was a skilled veterinarian, hired to treat animals on farms in Pennsylvania and Maryland. A dead soldier was wrapped in a blanket, if he was lucky. One of the more mysterious characters in the # daystodedication story is Samuel Weaver. Weaver in fact received three small payments from the Maury estate over the next 12 months totaling $1,250.81. A white Gettysburg resident, F.W. Gettysburg Compiler August 18, 1896. In his final report, David Wills, the Gettysburg lawyer who led the effort to create the national cemetery, spoke for families North and South. The three day Battle of Gettysburg was one of the bloodiest of the American Civil War. Many of the women wives, mothers, or sweethearts fainted or became hysterical when the bodies were uncovered. Michael E. Ruane is a general assignment reporter who also covers Washington institutions and historical topics. Weavers legitimate claim unfortunately fell victim to the animosity of the HMA toward the UDC. This page lists soldiers named August Sungrist through Isaac Sweeney who served in Pennsylvania infantry units during the Civil War. in Economics from the University of Virginia and an MBA from Dartmouth College. No soldier killed at Gettysburg ended up in the National Cemetery by divine intervention. Samuel Weaver was born in month 1823, at birth place, Kentucky. We will review the memorials and decide if they should be merged. Phone: Cell/Mobile/Wireless and/or landline telephone numbers for Samuel Weaver in Gettysburg, PA. (717) 424-3797 (717) 778-1156 (717) 259-9806 (727) 841-9229 (727) 843-9341 AKA: Alias, Nicknames, alternate spellings, married and/or maiden names for Samuel Weaver in Gettysburg, PA. He has been a general assignment reporter at the Philadelphia Bulletin, an urban affairs and state feature writer at the Philadelphia Inquirer, and a Pentagon correspondent at Knight Ridder newspapers. [The Centinel, (Gettysburg, Pa.), Mar. Father Samuel supervised the process exhuming the remains of all Union soldiers fallen during the Battles of Gettysburg and Hanover. view on February 6, 1864. Like the dead soldiers her great-great grandfather tended to in the cemeteries there, family stories first had to be unearthed and brought back to the light before they could be properly honored. By the spring of 1871, he was a lecturer in anatomy at Hahnemann Medical College. Because of this acceptance, Southern women were able to construct the beginnings of a Confederate memory surrounding the emerging Confederate cemeteries. Samuel supervised the operation in which the remains of over 3,500 Union soldiers were exhumed and then reburied in the Gettysburg National Cemetery. The farm happened to be on Cemetery Ridge, a critical piece of the Gettysburg battlefield. This Republic of Suffering. Despite their promises to pay, the ladies and the community lost interest after the dead were interred and Weaver never received the money they owed him. Residents carried around bottles of peppermint oil and pennyroyal to mask the stench. Basil Biggs toiled that soil as his own and, when opportunity presented itself, proved, once again, that he could do right by the nation and his family. As the battle approached, they werent taking any chances with Gen. Robert E. Lees rebels, some of whom had seen the invasion as a tempting opportunity to reverse the flow of the Underground Railroad and send runaways, refugees and free black peoplewhomever they foundback down South and straight into slavery. By 1850, census records show they were free and owned $300 worth of real estate. The first states to raise money to reinter their Gettysburg dead were Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina, and in the spring and summer of 1871 Weaver exhumed and shipped 137 Confederates to Raleigh, 74 to Charleston, 101 to Savannah, and a few to Maryland, along with a few individual officers who were claimed by family. Samuel married Malindy Weaver circa 1846, at age 22. An article in The Baltimore Sun, published shortly after her death in 1906, provides a clue. On January 7, 1864 Pennsylvania's Governor Curtin appointed David Wills, Esq. Union victory. The wagons were draped in black bunting, and were accompanied by more than a thousand former Confederate soldiers, among them Generals George Pickett, John Imboden, and James Lane, as well as bands playing mournful dirges. With great ceremony, they were reburied in the new Stonewall Cemetery in Winchester, Va., dedicated in 1866. Because the United States Government would only inter Union soldiers in the national cemeteries, these Ladies Memorial Associations took charge of creating Confederate cemeteries and holding Memorial Day ceremonies to honor the dead. He sent another 256 in June and a final 73 in early October. The last exhumations undertaken that year were of North Carolina soldiers. The building with the cupola in the background is the Hanover Public School Building (1852-1904). There were seldom coffins. Weaver must have been a compassionate man, or perhaps he sensed a future business opportunity, for he made a record of Confederate graves where he found them. Were sent to Charleston, where a dedication ceremony was held on May 10, 1871 sanguine than ladies... Basils farm into a field hospital at Gettysburg ended up in shallow mass graves: the University of North Press... 73 in early October photographs taken during the three days of combat, the Board gave the seemed! 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