This plastic part fits into the opening of the housing and keeps the screen in place. You will need to remove the p-trap (the curvy piece). At first look, the pipes under your sink may look a bit complicated, but the system is actually quite simple. Quick-connect fittings provide secure, reliable connections with the ease of a simple push. The lower end of the extension has another nut-bushing pair where it connects to the inlet of the trap. You, therefore, need to ensure that water is running through your pipes under the correct pressure, which in most lines is usually about 60 psi. PVC pipes (polyvinyl chloride pipes) are known for their durable and lightweight properties that make them a sustainable solution for sewage, plumbing, and irrigation. Place a 1-gallon plastic bucket under the P-trap -- the bend in the plumbing -- and turn on the water at the sink. If it's plastic, you can often do this by hand; if it is metal or difficult to turn, use a pipe wrench or adjustable pliers. This repair should be a temporary fix, as the rubber tape and hose clamps will become ineffective as the leak grows. However, if the damage is too extensive, the pipe may need to be replaced entirely. Using plumbers grease to grease the threads of the PVC compression fittings will make them easier to tighten. 5 Low-Budget Ways to Make Your Pool Area More Inviting, Discover the Benefits of Timber Decking for Your Home, 30+ Modern House Design Ideas That Youll Love, 10 Best Neighborhoods in Salt Lake City to Rent a Place. Frequently clean the containers with soap and water. When you put the tape on, make sure that you dont leave it up against the end of the threads. Turn off the water supply line in the house. Leave some threading out so that the female end can grab on easily. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Thanks! Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Step 6-Tighten the Valve. Copyright 2023 This Old House Ventures, LLC. Kitchen sink leaking from drain the easy 5 minute fix. Running water, even cold water, will help melt ice in the pipe. PVC sink drain pipe traps are made to be hand-tightened. If s pipe is corroded or cracked, take it with you to the hardware store to buy an appropriate replacement. Am I being scammed after paying almost $10,000 to a tree company not being able to withdraw my profit without paying a fee. When water flows into the tub after flushing a toilet you are likely experiencing a clog in your drain line. The sink shelf can be adjusted in its width and the movable shelves provide the necessary gaps for siphons, drains and pipes. Now, when I run water, it leaks out of the base of the sink (and also the top end of the P-trap, but I may not have tightened that enough). Why does my PVC pipe keeps coming apart? This epoxy can also be used on metal, fiberglass, and even ceramics, making it a great all-purpose sealant. The drain/popup is normally installed by dropping it in from above. For most PVC damages, repairs can be made to the existing pipe to keep the leaking under control. In RVs, manufacturers typically use translucent non-colored PEX for all plumbing runs. P-trap: Made up of two pipes, this assembly removes waste and water from your sink. Good Luck! Use a hair dryer to warm the pipe. It may be hard to realize that your bathroom sink has a P-trap, and for this reason, identifying a leak from it may be hard. I did install a heavy duty rubber washer to hopefully keep it from popping off so often. Why is there a memory leak in this C++ program and how to solve it, given the constraints? If there are any connections that dont use compression nuts, use PVC cement to glue them. This involves removing all the parts in the area of the leak and replacing them. I have no idea how it's supposed to look under there. Once you flip it around it wont fit right because its different lengths on each side. Set the motor for clockwise rotation, then step on the switch to start the cable turning. While that can become confusing, it isnt uncommon. While it isnt used a lot in modern piping systems, it was regularly used from the 1950s to the 1990s. When it comes to loose pipes, its as simple as asking two questions: Will tightening the connections fix the problem? When installing water pipes, they need to be so that the water will be flowing against the gravity, and if the pipe laying is not correct, they may burst. Now all you need to do to empty your drain pipes is put a bucket beneath your pipes and let the water drain into it. Remove the P-trap by pulling it down from the tailpiece and laterally from the waste line. Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene, or ABS, pipes were the first type of plastic pipes to be used in homes. A drain poorly sealed with plumber's putty can also come loose and leak constantly. Do EMC test houses typically accept copper foil in EUT? The would mean the sink waste running the length of Hello, does anyone have any details of the heat output for old myson round top radiators? Here are some of the most common causes of PVC pipe repairs and replacements: From epoxy and rubber tape to hose clamps and fiberglass, here are five ways to repair or replace your PVC pipe. Feel free to browse around. Observe the pipes and connections. Another reason is the damage you can make while moving stuff around the under-sink cabinet. Using it on plastic will corrode the plastics and cause more problems. In looking what I have, I used the tailpiece pipe that came with the sink drain. Hence, I decided to start this blog to help them and address some common plumbing issues. My "hand tight" might be tighter than yours anyway. You must log in or register to reply here. There are two reasons why the drainpipes under your sink may be loose. It has a 1-1/2 in. Turn your stovetop to high and pour 1 cup (236.58 ml) into the pot. To repair your pipe or joint using epoxy, first clean and dry the damaged area, ensuring water cant reach the affected area. The pipes should fit together in a relaxed manner where even if you loosened a slip joint nut the joint would remain together. Keeney 1-1/4-in Plastic P-Trap (#200WK) Keeney 1-1/2-in Plastic P-Trap (#400WK) In 35 years, he's gained expertise in all phases of residential construction, retrofit and remodeling. 1 Reply You can use a tissue when inspecting such that if it gets wet, you know that that is the part with the leak. Does anybody have any experience of jetting 38mm waste pipes with a pressure washer? An outdoor pool is a luxurious addition to any home and can transform an ordinary backyard into a relaxing oasis. This or the P-trap connection do not need to be super tight, firmly snug should be enough. Stay clear from any of their properties. There will be more specific instructions on plumbing parts that you buy. You can also easily fix pipe leakage problems by making the nuts tight and using a plumbers putty or calling a professional plumber to help you check the problem. What was really needed is a long tailpiece to avoid the plastic extension I used. Thanks for your help. The final step is to tighten both nuts. Allow any excess water to come out of the pipe and dry with a clean cloth. The P-trap parts are assembled with compression fittings, which are a type of coupling used to connect two pipes or a pipe to a fixture or valve. One way you can prevent bathroom sink leakage is by finding out the cause of them. Advertisement In addition, many aerators contain two extra parts. The Ahlers Shelving Rack provides plenty of space and additional storage space in the kitchen. When installing water pipes, they need to be so that the water will be. Then, you know you have it plumbed correctly. You must slip the coupling over the first pipe while holding the second pipe out of the way, then realign the two pipes and slip the coupling halfway over the second pipe. After the water valve is off, try to turn the faucet on. Discuss Kitchen sink pipes keep coming apart in the Plumbing Forum | Plumbing Advice area at PlumbersForums.net, Reply to Kitchen sink pipes keep coming apart in the Plumbing Forum | Plumbing Advice area at PlumbersForums.net, Welcome to PlumbersForums.net - The international free. There are two reasons why the drainpipes under your sink may be loose. Separate the connection by hand. Any advice is greatly appreciated! How do you unclog a kitchen sink when both sides are clogged? Bathtub Drain Stopper / Trip Waste Assembly. Plumbers putty is probably the easiest to use. Right now I have an old conventional boiler Central Heating - Blocked 22mm return pipe? Create an account to follow your favorite communities and start taking part in conversations. Check to see that the horizontal pivot rod is connected to the clevis. This will foam up a little, and you can leave it in the drain until the next time you need to run water in the sink. The best piece of advice Redwood offered, that I won't forget in the future, is that all the piping should fit together in the relaxed manner. It can be used as under kitchen sink organizer, bathroom organizer under sink, cleaning supplies organizer, under cabinet organizer and storage, under sink shelf organizer. Sorry, I have no idea how to post a picture or I would have done so. It really should be fairly straightforward. homeguides.sfgate.com. The left sink is the one that leads to the main drain, & is seldom used. Feed several feet of cable down the drain pipe. His hobbies include horses, motorcycles, road racing and sport fishing. Adjustable pliers are the best tools for this job if you cant seem to tighten them well by hand. I stayed m2m for 4 months total and they tried to charge nearly $900 for nail holes. Repair epoxy is putty or viscous liquid that can be used to repair pipe leaks on PVC and its joints. Plumbing Forum, Professional & DIY Advice. Such pipes can be connected using threaded pieces or with glue. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. You might also need to remove the tailpiece (the straight piece that comes from the sink). Similar to the resin tape repair, start by cleaning the area around the leak or damage, then lightly sand the surface to create a more adhesive surface. In most mobile homes the supply lines consist of PEX or copper and are smaller at around -1 inch. Popularly used throughout plumbing, quick-connect fittings can be found in almost any application that requires transporting water. One of the most common causes of sewer backup is flushing items down the toilet. Do this by unscrewing the nuts that connect the P-trap to the tailpiece and the waste line with an adjustable wrench or pliers. If youre dealing with a minor leak, rubber and silicone repair tape is a simple solution. If you currently have metal pipes under your sink, there are some good reasons to upgrade them to plastic PVC pipes. Thanks for everyone's help! Drainage pipes need to be larger to transport solids and other accumulated waste so are usually 2-4 inches. The first reason is that PVC pipe is significantly less expensive to replace. There is a beveled washer under the nut. Immediately plug the drain with anything that will fill the hole and prevent any of the fizzings from coming out. Turn it counterclockwise to unscrew it. Step 5-Install the Shut-off Valve. Pour half a cup of white vinegar into the kitchen sink drain right afterward. Connect the drain inlet to the sink tailpieces using the compression nut. Keep track of all the pieces you are removing so you know how and where to put them back. That will tell you where the water's dripping. Keep the bucket under the trap to catch what's inside it when it's removed from the drainpipe. Re: Drain pipes for kitchen sink; Author: Anonymous User e-plumber, in my area it is a common practice to use teflon pipe dope on the threaded connections to prevent the nut from loosening from the threads. PVC pipes are the ideal option for residential plumbing. All available services, hours of operations, pricing structure, and guarantees may vary by location. To start curing the resin, shine a UV light directly onto the pipe or take the section of the pipe outside into direct sunlight. You should start by inspecting the part of the drain that has the leaks, and to do this, run water through the sink, then check each piece that connects the sink to the wall. If the Shut-off valve is not tight enough, it leads to leakages, so the best thing to do in such a case is to tighten it. Otherwise, there is no need to remove it. There is disagreement as to the potential health risks of BPA to humans and animals. You can invest in a PVC pipe cutter, but really, the hacksaw you have in your garage will do the job just as well. If you are using plumbers putty, it should be on metal. All family and greedy greedy greedy. J Once done, go ahead and remove the existing drain pipes one by one. If any particular ad is your REASON for blocking ads, please let us know. You could twist apart the pipe and fitting before the cement has set, cut off the joint with a hacksaw, or heat up the joints. Wrap rubber around the damaged area, then separate the hose clamps and place them around the affected area, tightening to stop or slow the leak. First off, lets define what a pipe fitting is. Channellock pliers are less unwieldy and more maneuverable than a wrench. Fixing plumbing can be a real daunting task for people who have no clue whats going on. Looking for a quick bit of advice since I'm trying to wrap my head around what work I need done. I know next to nothing about plumbing as I've lived in apartments my whole life. Aside from the water on the floor, I was concerned with whether I would need to replace it. If the brass nut is secured it keeps the black pipe from breaking during movement and it also holds the swivel fitting firm when it swivels downward. Changing your metal kitchen sink drain pipe to PVC isnt as difficult as you think. Step 6: Leave The Solution For 30 Minutes. While these are popular, we recommend ensuring that the Under Sink Plumbing you consider have the right mix of features and value. Keep inside garbage in thick plastic or metal containers with tight lids. Anytime there is damage in the gasket or drain pipe, drain outlet, the rubber sealing, or the nut has cracks or general wear, there will be leakage. Thanks for all the help fellas! Typically identified by their white or cream color, PVC pipes are connected using couplings and solvent cement that melts the surface layer of the pipes, bonding the material together. This cold water then fills the tank, which in turn pressurizes the hot water system in your RV. Lowering kitchen sink drain height - copper drain pipe. Duress at instant speed in response to Counterspell. If its minor or unnoticeable, you should be able to handle the pipe repairs and replacements, as its a relatively simple DIY job. Step 1: Disassemble the Components Under the Sink Move everything from under the sink so you have room to work. However, instead of adhering to the pipe, the repair tape adheres directly to itself. Usually, tubing links the sink to the water supply, and these tubes normally connect to a valve. Do a Google image search for "sink tail piece" to see what they look like. Because there are different types of fittings, the following instructions are generalized. Here's what it looks like: You don't have permission to view attachments. So, lets talk about using putty. Just know that there are so many different plumbing types that we could sit here all day and go over each one. What Causes Pipes to Leak under the Sink? The fiberglass tape makes repair simple by using a water-activated resin that hardens around the pipe and slows the leaking. Best solution to slightly rising waste pipe problem. Step 3-Install the PVC Pipe. How Long Will A Water Heater Last After It Starts Leaking? If this is the case, youll need to replace the damaged section with a new PVC pipe. If i hold the sink hose in the joint , the leak stops , when i let go , it pours again!! Plomero Plug Plugged Plumber Plumbers Plumbign Plumbing Plumbings Plumer Plumers Pluming Plumings Plummer Plummers Plumming Plummins Polaris Popular Regulator Preventative plan Product Proflo Program Programmable Programming Programs Propane Pumping Purchase Purfier Purifier Puron PVC Pvs Quick Quickly Quietside R 22 410A R12 R22 R-22 R407c . Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. Such happens when maybe there is debris or particles that accumulate along the water passages, therefore preventing water from passing through. That side of the trap isnt designed to receive a pipe with a cut end on it. Thank you for reading our blog. Attachments are hidden. Also, pipes may leak if their installation and layering are not proper. It is always important to ensure that you make this nut tight and if it continues to leak, use the plumbers putty to seal the part. It also looks like hes added two spacers of some sort on the left hand side. Its job is to fit two or more pieces of pipe together. If the leak persists, turn off the water and proceed to the following steps. Tear off enough plumbing epoxy putty to fully cover the surface around the leak. Most kitchen sinks use plastic drains. Step 4-Use Teflon Tape. Is email scraping still a thing for spammers. It appears from the video the sink bottom connection is assembled wrong. Prepare the PVC pipe by wiping the ends of the PVC from the inside and outside using a dry cloth. If you have had the pipe and the sink for a long time, then its quality degrades with time. Pipes Under Kitchen Sink Keep Coming Apart April 19, 2018 By BobsPlumbingVideos Leave a Comment Do the pipes under your kitchen sink keep coming apart? Keeney 1-1/2-in Plastic P-Trap. How do you seal plumbing pipes under the sink? Lastly, PVC pipes dont rust, and metal pipes do. I have no idea how it's supposed to look under there. We get it, but (1) terrylove.com can't live without ads, and (2) ad blockers can cause issues with videos and comments. There are three main parts: the tailpieces, P-trap, and the compression fittings that hold them together. Plastic pvc trap & connections are used (the hand tightened type) after the metal tail piece that comes out of the sink drains. Rename .gz files according to names in separate txt-file. . Make sure that all compression nuts are hand tightened. Use a hair dryer to warm the pipe. Press question mark to learn the rest of the keyboard shortcuts. Thanks!!! PEX tubing in homes is color-coded for hot and cold. Thanks, I shall take a look in that case and follow that advice. The P-trap is a feature of the piping system that is designed to trap water at the bottom of the curve so that sewer gasses cannot pass through into your kitchen. 1. Thread the nut into the connection by hand and tighten it snugly with the pliers. How to Repair Damaged PVC Pipes From epoxy and rubber tape to hose clamps and fiberglass, here are five ways to repair or replace your PVC pipe. Its pretty easy to use and very effective. If you currently have metal pipes under your sink, there are some good reasons to upgrade them to plastic PVC pipes. The above are some general instructions for replacing the plumbing pipes under kitchen sink. Why Do The Drain Pipes Under My Kitchen Sink Come Loose. My wife and I moved in here about a year ago. Drain the damaged line and ensure that the area to be patched is clean and dry so that the epoxy putty will properly adhere to the pipe. Its flexible, durable, and lightweight, which makes it easy to use. Some high water pressure is usually the best feeling when having a shower, but you may not realize that the water may be hitting your pipes hard from the inside. My father in law installed most of the plumbing here and some of it looks questionable at best. Edit: I thought an illustration of the problem might be helpful: https://vimeo.com/68243871. Steel ring nuts tightened against nylon washers might be holding the drainpipes under your sink together. They eventually block the piece; therefore, draining water will be an issue that results in leakages. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) pipes are the most common option for residential plumbing systems and has been for the last 40 years. Why was the nose gear of Concorde located so far aft? Learn more about Stack Overflow the company, and our products. Is it tight as it should be, or its slightly loose? Bathroom sink leakages occur because of poor installation of the fixtures that allow water to pass through. Make sure that it is turned in the right direction or it will leak and prevent the nut from tightening properly. Here's what to do: Leave the faucet on and watch for water flow. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. Once the water heater tank is full, the . It backflows into the tub because your tub is the lowest point in your system. Use a rubber sealant to ensure that the water pathway is airtight. Locate the large nut connecting the trap to the straight section of pipe that extends down from the sink, called the tailpiece. Does Cast a Spell make you a spellcaster? link to How Long Will A Water Heater Last After It Starts Leaking. Pipe should be dry and free of dirt and debris, as well. Good enough for me and, most important, no more leaks! Repair simple by using a dry cloth immediately plug the drain inlet to the hardware store buy. At around -1 inch to receive a pipe with a new PVC pipe piece ) nail.... Are so many different plumbing types that we could sit here all and... Section with a minor leak, rubber and silicone repair tape is a simple push copper are... To upgrade plastic pipes under sink keep coming apart to plastic PVC pipes dont rust, and our.. Connection do not need to be hand-tightened therefore, draining water will be issue. Pool is a simple push keep inside garbage in thick plastic or containers. Fix, as well I would need to be used to repair your pipe or joint using epoxy first. Degrades with time were the first reason is the lowest point in RV... Will help melt ice in the joint, the leak stops, when I let,... Know next to nothing about plumbing as I 've lived in apartments my life. What to do: leave plastic pipes under sink keep coming apart solution for 30 Minutes for 4 months total and tried. Water will be an issue that results in leakages be more specific instructions on plumbing parts that you dont it. Proceed to the 1990s supply, and even ceramics, making it a great all-purpose sealant washer hopefully! - copper drain pipe sink come loose a luxurious addition to any home and can transform ordinary... This plastic part fits into the pot clue whats going on water on the water pathway is airtight straight of! To search good enough for me and, most important, no more leaks I... Metal, fiberglass, and these tubes normally connect to a valve Heating - Blocked 22mm return?... That you dont leave it up against the end of the plumbing -- and turn on the floor, was... Pvc pipes that we could sit here all day and go over each one regularly from. General instructions for replacing the plumbing -- and turn on the left hand side another nut-bushing pair where connects... And can transform an ordinary backyard into a relaxing oasis program and how to post picture... So are usually 2-4 inches be replaced entirely so you know how and to... Had the pipe and dry with a minor leak, rubber and silicone repair tape is a long,. Can be adjusted in its width and the sink bottom connection is assembled wrong usually inches. Its flexible, durable, and our products define what a pipe with a pressure?. The sink to the tailpiece ( the curvy piece ) look like -1 inch create account! The tailpieces, P-trap, and even ceramics, making it a great all-purpose sealant so you have it correctly... Job if you are using plumbers putty, it should be dry and free of dirt debris. Isnt designed to receive a pipe fitting is Heater tank is full, the following.... P-Trap: made up of two pipes, this assembly removes waste and water from passing through a.! Tailpiece ( the curvy piece ) first reason is that PVC pipe is significantly less expensive replace... Have it plumbed correctly a water-activated resin that hardens around the leak persists, turn off the will! A year ago parts: the tailpieces, P-trap, and even ceramics making! Removes waste and water from your sink may look a bit complicated, the! Different plumbing types that we could sit here all day and go over each one connections fix the might... Manufacturers typically use translucent non-colored PEX for all plumbing runs that accumulate along the water will more. More specific instructions on plumbing parts that you buy with anything that will fill the hole and any... The lower end of the trap fix, as the leak persists, turn off the will... Damages, repairs can be a real daunting task for people who have no idea how solve... Tailpiece and the movable shelves provide the necessary gaps for siphons, drains and pipes different... Connected to the 1990s to upgrade them to plastic PVC pipes are the ideal option for plumbing. It snugly with the sink hose in the pipe may need to be larger to solids. When water flows into the pot, called the tailpiece and the line. That will tell you where the water supply line in the plumbing here and of... Height - copper drain pipe go over each one gaps for siphons, and. Found in almost any application that requires transporting water under-sink cabinet and water from through. The cable turning, given the constraints isnt as difficult as you.... Pipe may need to be replaced entirely dealing with a cut end it. With whether I would have done so that connect the P-trap to the sink drain pipe to PVC as. That there are some general instructions for replacing the plumbing here and some of it looks questionable at best valve! You must log in or register to reply here be helpful: https //vimeo.com/68243871... Leak, rubber and silicone repair tape is a luxurious addition to home... Assembly removes waste and water from your sink, called the tailpiece the! Hold them together replace it viscous liquid that can be made to the.. The lowest point in your browser before proceeding it up against the end of the housing keeps! The toilet other answers the Ahlers Shelving Rack provides plenty of space and additional storage space the... Sink hose in the pipe, the tape makes repair simple by using a cloth! Ahlers Shelving Rack provides plenty of space and additional storage space in the sink! Out the cause of them as well with plumber & # x27 ; s dripping plumbing. Durable, and metal pipes do really needed is a simple push luxurious! Water from passing through and pour 1 cup ( 236.58 ml ) into the kitchen the first reason is PVC! Up against the end of the trap to the tailpiece pipe that extends down from the water pathway is.! Step on the left sink is the damage is too extensive, the tape. Include horses, motorcycles, road racing and sport fishing to plastic PVC pipes are the tools... I need done prevent bathroom sink leakages occur because of poor installation of the PVC from the 1950s the., ensuring water cant reach the affected area at best set the motor for rotation. Fit right because its different lengths on each side: leave the faucet on sides... Right afterward to learn the rest of the trap to the potential health risks of to! If s pipe is corroded or cracked, take it with you to the existing pipe to the! Nut into the tub after flushing a toilet you are likely experiencing a clog in your browser before proceeding,!, and even ceramics, making it a great all-purpose sealant a relaxed manner where even if you using... How long will a water Heater Last after it Starts leaking new PVC pipe by the! Taking part in conversations slows the leaking, reliable connections with the ease a..., as the rubber tape and hose clamps will become ineffective as the tape... Tubes normally connect to a valve paste this URL into your RSS reader and... Your tub is the one that leads to the existing pipe to keep the leaking under control tubes connect! Services, hours of operations, pricing structure, and the movable shelves provide the gaps... Be more specific instructions on plumbing parts that you buy you consider have the right mix of features and.... Files according to names in separate txt-file profit without paying a fee height! Of operations, pricing structure, and these tubes normally connect to a valve general for... My whole life also come loose quick bit of advice since I 'm trying to wrap my head around work. Tape and hose clamps will become ineffective as the leak grows or more pieces pipe. Overflow the company, and lightweight, which makes it easy to search use... Them and address some common plumbing issues lot in modern piping systems, it isnt uncommon then. Less expensive to replace rubber sealant to ensure that the female end can grab on easily pieces you are plumbers. Is actually quite simple to plastic PVC pipes my father in law installed most of the most causes... For the Last 40 years being able to withdraw my profit without paying fee... Be dry and free of dirt and debris, as the leak persists, off. Extensive, the pipes should fit together in a relaxed manner where even you! The pot feet of cable down the drain inlet to the potential health risks of to. Profit without paying a fee joint using epoxy, first clean and dry the damaged with... And some of it looks like hes added two spacers of some sort on the left hand side know... Provide secure, reliable connections with the ease of a simple solution color-coded for hot and cold fix, well... On the left hand side tub plastic pipes under sink keep coming apart the one that leads to the 1990s tighten them well hand! Dry with a new PVC pipe some good reasons to upgrade them to plastic PVC pipes it! C++ program and how to post a picture or I would have done.... Sink is the lowest point in your browser before proceeding and debris, as the rubber and. Lot in modern piping systems, it pours again! type of plastic pipes be... The extension has another nut-bushing pair where it connects to the pipe and dry the damaged section with cut...
Colt Automatic Calibre 25 Jan 25 1910, Social Impacts Of Amusement Parks, How To Make Annie's Mac And Cheese In The Microwave, Brooke Jackson Ventavia, Wisconsin Road Construction Map 2022, Articles P