E. the equity theory. D. workers must be forced to do their jobs. McGregor argued that the employees of an organization could be broadly classified into two groups. Theory X . Likely to increase overhead costs for business Employees will avoid responsibility and seek to receive formal orders whenever possible. Most of the people may fall in between these two extremes of human behaviour. To McGregor, a steady supply of motivation seemed more likely to occur underTheory Y management. 1. workers will exercise self-direction and self-control. ________ involves changing behavior and encouraging appropriate actions by relating the consequences of behavior to the behavior itself. Wash Sale Rule: Example and How to Avoid It? McGregor felt that organizations and their managers followed one or the other approach: Theory X 4. responsibility This empirical study examined the relationships between health care employees' perceptions of (1) manager Theory Y and Theory X orientations; (2) work unit psychological . His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: McGregor's ideas significantly relate to the modern understanding ofthe Psychological Contract, which provides many ways to appreciate the unhelpful nature of X-Theory leadership and the useful constructive beneficial nature of Y-Theory leadership. 4. micromanaging employees. The financial incentive does not motivate all employees. Douglas McGregor has developed two sets of assumptions about human behaviour; labelling these as Theory 'X' and Theory 'Y'. 3. Please reference authorship and copyright of material used, including link(s) to Businessballs.com and the material webpage. On the other hand, managers who adopt Theory Y assumptions shape systems where trust in people is one of the central pillars. Which of the following is stated by the expectancy theory? 1. 5. To achieve the desired performance, the manager will appoint rewards and punishments and set a rulebook of directions. He used his knowledge of psychology and other areas of the behavioral sciences to seek insight into the minds of employees. Typically characteristics of an X-Theory manager are most or all of these: Working for an X-theory boss isn't easy - some extreme X-Theory managers make extremely unpleasant managers, but there are ways of managing these people upwards. They failed to incite change. McGregors X and Y Theories enable managers to identify employee issues and solve them with the right rewards, recognition, and punishment if required. He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. 4. extrinsic motivation In industry, the intellectual potential of the average person is only partly utilised. 2. Managers should watch these employees, threaten and guide them to complete the job on time. Need a custom Coursework sample written from scratch by Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory. Sign up now and learn more about new practices and games, awesome workshops and activities, all dedicated to increasing employee engagement. Consider these assumptions from the different managerial styles: Theory X. The main reason for this is that just as consumers seek higher-purpose relationships with brands, teams also pursue higher-purpose relationships with their employers. 1. Theory Y can lead to abuse of the freedom, trust, and confidence given to them. McGregor's management theory involves the idea that there are two types of managers Theory X and Theory Y. We utilize security vendors that protect and 4. Employees demand high centralization and control from their managers. A type of job enrichment Most people can handle responsibility because creativity and ingenuity are common in the population. Increase instances of virtual teams, Which of the following options is likely to be most effective for retaining employees who are trying to juggle their work duties with other responsibilities and needs? 2. Theory Z She views her company favorably, and she enjoys working with her colleagues. So far, I have spoken about how assumptions operate and how leadership shapes our attitudes as leaders or subordinates and the organizational culture. E. the average worker does not like to be directed. In his 1960 book, The Human Side of Enterprise, McGregor proposed two theories by which managers perceive and address employee motivation. Companies that want to remain relevant and agile, delighting customers and employees, have to adopt Theory Y premises in their culture. Theory X managers only focus on self-actualization needs, while Theory Y managers focus on all the other types of needs. McGregors Theory X and Y, although from 1960, is still highly relevant to bring reflections on how assumptions about people and their relationship with work shape our leadership style and our organizational culture. Herzberg's motivational factors. But opting out of some of these cookies may have an effect on your browsing experience. 1. 4. You also have the option to opt-out of these cookies. Effort in work is as natural as work and play. 1. According to Maslow, humans first devote all their efforts to satisfying ________ needs until they are met. Theory Z was developed by William Ouchi, in his book 1981 'Theory Z: How American Business can meet the Japanese Challenge '. 86 McGregor's Theory X/Y & Job Performance LITERATURE REVIEW AND HYPOTHESES Theory X/Y Described Briefly put, McGregor (1960) advanced three ideas. Douglas McGregor. Theory X says people don't like to work and will avoid it if they can. B)the humanistic view of management. Therefore, it often cannot push employees to perform better. Encroachment: Definition, Meaning & Examples. They need little to no direction, and hence using Theory X may demotivate them and even damage personal and professional relationships between the manager and the team members. This site is developed by Dr. Serhat Kurt. 1. esteem needs The common motivation methods in the healthcare industry include monetary rewards, training, off duties, and leaves just to mention a few. All Rights Reserved. Why are some managers reluctant to offer telecommuting options to their employees? Frederick Taylor vs. Douglas McGregor vs. Elton Mayo. Some employees may become sluggish when given the authority to work as per their convenience. 4. It is not necessary to threaten students with lower grades; they are not naturally lazy. Employees prefer making decisions themselves and also solving problems creatively. 2. achievement McGregors Theories allow managers to better understand their employees. When the employees complete a task, the manager provides them with rewards like bonuses and appraisals. candidate's answer in order to merit the assigned marks. 11 May. 1. job sharing. This has in turn led to the adoption of different theories on employees and leadership such as the Maslow Hierarchy and McGregors Theory X and Y among others. Theory Y is a participative approach to enhance employee motivation where the manager has an optimistic view of their team members. 3.0 Managers are, in essence, managers who believe in Theory Y assumptions for leading teams. We will write a custom Coursework on Maslows Hierarchy and McGregors X and Y Theory specifically for you for only $11.00 $9.35/page. Physical and mental effort at work is as natural as leisure or rest. The commitment to complete a task is based on the rewards. 2. flextime. His ideas suggest that there are two fundamental approaches to managing people: Many managers tend toward Theory X and generally get poor results. Theory X takes into account people's needs for companionship, esteem, and personal growth, whereas Theory Y does not. CC licensed content, Specific attribution, Organizational Behavior and Human Relations, https://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.htmlhttps://web.archive.org/web/20160203121235/http://www.envisionsoftware.com/articles/Theory_X.html, https://courses.lumenlearning.com/wmopen-introductiontobusiness/chapter/introduction-to-theory-x-theory-y-and-theory-z/, Differentiate between Theory X and Theory Y. In a fair situation, a person receives rewards proportional to the contribution he or she makes to the organization. First, all managers have a theory of human work motivation. Therefore most people must be forced with the threat of punishment to work towards organisational objectives. Students have large amounts of creative thinking and innovation that is applied throughout their learning journey. The two theories refer to two styles of managementauthoritarian (Theory X) and participative (Theory Y). Employees are belonging to theory X who hate work and have to be motivated or pushed to work. Theory Y is McGregor's other modem view of the nature of man. B. Frederick llerzberg. By clicking Accept, you consent to the use of ALL the cookies. McGregor's X and Y Theories are contrasting theories that depict two different aspects of human behavior at work. Managers assume that employee demotivation can be solved through a decentralized method in which collaboration, trust, and team relationships are enhanced. Each assumes that the managers role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. McGregors X and Y Theories was developed by social psychologist Douglas McGregor in the 1960s. Teachers with a Theory Y perspective (students naturally want to learn) provide increased motivation for students and promote more active learning than Theory X-style teachers who . Theory Y. They marked the beginning of a concern for human relations in the workplace. 1. a system that allows employees to choose their starting and ending times as long as they are at work during a specified core time. Theory X managers believe that workers like to work, while Theory Y managers believe that the average worker dislikes work and will avoid it when possible. (2022, May 11). The Three Needs Theory, also known as need theory, is the best-known theory of David McClelland,, Read More McClellands Three Needs Theory: Power, Achievement, and AffiliationContinue, Victor Vroom at the Yale School of Management was the first to put forward the Expectancy, Read More Expectancy Theory of MotivationContinue, Businesses and organizations have long sought for answers on how to boost employee production, and therefore,, Read More Herzbergs Motivation-Hygiene Theory: Two-factorContinue. 2. a type of job enrichment. D. Herzberg's motivational factors.E. 2. job enrichment. According to Maslow's hierarchy, Aaron will strive to satisfy esteem needs next. The principles that guide our practices also demonstrate this alignment: There are also a bunch of practices that bring the assumptions of Theory Y into shape and form part of the context of teams. We are talking about a model that generated positive results in the industrial age until the end of the 20th century. B. the humanistic view of management. Each assumes that the manager's role is to organize resources, including people, to best benefit the company. Businessballs has been used by over 120 million people over the last 10 years. A)the traditional view of management.B)the humanistic view of management.C)Herzberg's hygiene factors.D)Herzberg's motivational factors.E)the equity theory. Abraham Maslow on the other hand developed the hierarchy of needs of a human being. People will be self-directed and creative to meet their work and organizational objectives if they are committed to them. The healthcare industry also requires leaders and that is why we have a Nursing-officer-in charge or an in-charge physician in all healthcare centers. May 11, 2022. https://ivypanda.com/essays/maslows-hierarchy-and-mcgregors-x-and-y-theory/. IvyPanda. Since quantitative metrics are not a focus in this theory, it becomes hard to measure employee growth and success. Both are motivational theories and are used by managers to motivate their employees to perform better. 3. extrinsic reward Curiously titled Theory X Theory Y, his theory outlines two opposing views on human behavior in the workplace. Each of the viewpoints addresses a different way of meeting each individuals motivational needs. 1. Selena's work schedule is an example of: Jobs are more satisfying when employees are provided with greater perks. An average employee seeks responsibility to become more motivated. These cookies do not store any personal information. Some employees require guidance and are not comfortable with undefined working boundaries. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. When workers are motivated they tend towards higher productivity in that they will produce more for a given level of resources than poorly motivated workers will. Employees often think about quitting their jobs as their dislike of the work amplifies. The capacity to exercise a relatively high degree of imagination, ingenuity and creativity in the solution of organizational problems is widely, not narrowly distributed in the population, etc. In 1960, Douglas McGregor, an American Social Psychologist, has published a book entitled "Human Side Of enterprise". Theory Z He referred to these opposing motivational methods as Theory X and Theory Y management. 2022. B. the humanistic view of management. Motivational Model - What is Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs? Douglas McGregor's Theory X and Theory Y. Results-driven and deadline-driven, to the exclusion of everything else, Issues threats to make people follow instructions, Unconcerned about staff welfare, or morale, Proud, sometimes to the point of self-destruction, Fundamentally insecure and possibly neurotic, Withholds rewards, and suppresses pay and remunerations levels, Scrutinises expenditure to the point of false economy, Seeks culprits for failures or shortfalls, Seeks to apportion blame instead of focusing on learning from the experience and preventing recurrence, Takes criticism badly and is likely to retaliate if from below or peer group, Poor at proper delegating - but believes they delegate well, Holds on to responsibility but shifts accountability to subordinates, Relatively unconcerned with investing in anything to gain future improvements, Theory X managers (or indeed Theory Y managers displaying Theory X behaviour) are primarily, Theory X managers generally don't understand or have an interest inhumanissues, so don't try to appeal to their sense of humanity or morality, If an X Theory boss tells you how to do things in ways that are not comfortable or right for you, then don't question the process, simply. It reduces the working hours of employees and thus reduces pressure. Workers do not need to be micromanaged; they are self-directed. Your email address will not be published. 2. flextime. Related to Maslow's hierarchy of needs, what is the difference between Theory X and Theory Y managers? The database is updated daily, so anyone can easily find a relevant essay example. "Maslow's Hierarchy and McGregor's X and Y Theory." 1. Is there an internal conflict between team members? Kelsey, Tatum, and Octavia were all hired at the same time to work for a public relations agency. C. Herzberg's hygiene factors. McGregor's Theory X corresponds to: A. the traditional view of management. ADVERTISEMENTS: 4. Each level, or type of human need, can only be achieved if all of the levels below are satisfied, starting with basic needs at the bottom. Motivation McGregor showedat a time when labor-management relations were becoming more adversarialthat there was another way to view workers and leadership. 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