Gordis, L. (2014). According to the Tehuledere Woreda Information Office (TWIO), the Woreda covers an area of 45,800 ha with a population of 152,107. Epidemiology(Fifth edition.). This study was funded by Addis Ababa University. Culturally-based attitudes about seeking treatment and trusting traditional medicines and folk remedies are rooted in core belief systems about illness causation, i.e., naturalistic, Ayurvedic, biomedical, etc. Epidemiological characterisation of Burkholderia cepacia complex (Bcc) from c Major flaws in Animal Disease Control Leading to Partial Success or Failure.pptx, Animal Disease Control Programs in India.ppt, Control and Eradication of Animal diseases.pptx, Vaccines in India- Problems and solutions.pptx, Conventional and non conventional antibiotic alternatives. First Statement of Germ Theory. Beliefs and perception of ill-health causation: a socio-cultural qualitative study in rural North-Eastern Ethiopia, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4052-y, http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/. Disease Causation; Theories; Models. The number of participants in each focus group ranged from 8 to 12. Beliefs on the causes of birth defects as perceived by mothers of children with birth defects in a tertiary care hospital in the Philippines. Predictors of cultural competence among nursing students in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study. These are the things that make up its constitution and cause its pains and health. As predominantly rural Woreda, most inhabitants rely on farming. Accordingly, people used to please the gods by prayers and offerings or used to resort to witchcraft to tame the devils. The study was approved by the Ethical Review Committee in the College of Health Sciences Addis Ababa University, with either in writing or verbally (for those who were illiterate) consent to participate in the study being obtained from all study participants. We also found acts in violation of social taboos or moral injunction were thought to cause illness directly rather than through the mediation of a supernatural being. Five rural communities (one from each of the five Kebeles) were included in the study. Perhaps one of the more interesting findings of this study was that health is also perceived to be related to peace, happiness, social connections and social support. Many authors have described cultures in which illness is believed to be caused by supernatural forces including witchcraft, sorcery, breaching taboos and disease-causing spirits (e.g., [2225]). Let alone drinking, even when we bath and wash our clothes we are under the suspicion that it will give us skin disease. I have never gone to modern health centers. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies The germ theory of disease came to the forefront, supplanting the earlier theories of disease causation. Nature of qualitative evidence. Simple statistics like frequency distribution, percentile were used. An example cited in most of the focus groups was that of disrespecting elders, Abegar or Sheikh and a link to how that causes illnesses: If people anger the Abegar or sheik, they get hurt by the ones they offended. This study found that among the Tehuledere there are a wide range of perceptions regarding the causation of illness. Department of Anthropology, University of Chicago. When Western biomedical practitioners overlook, or scorn the supernatural convictions held by group individuals they risk distancing the very individuals they look to treat. He would not be able to have enough food, this affects his healthWeve become subject to Ke ijje Wode Afe Nuro (hand-to-mouth livelihood) [Male, Study Community # 3]. It is hoped that the model of illness causation identified in this study will help to enhance the rural health plan for the 5 villages of Tehuledere Woreda and beyond. Lidell C, Barrett L, Bydawell M. Indigenous representations of illness and AIDS in Sub-Saharan Africa. Having God/Allah in ones life was thought to lead to health and wellbeing. Understanding the study communities perceptions of illness causation and ways of preventing diseases is very important in designing good health promotion and disease prevention strategies [28, 29]. 1991;630:212-22. doi: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1991.tb19590.x. Nurse Educ Today. All focus group discussions and interviews were conducted, audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim in Amharic. This paper argues that disease etiology is the key to cross-cultural comparison of non- Western medical systems. The five study communities, selected were: Gobeya, Godguadit, Bededo, Jari and Muti-Belg. Three views of disease causation may be identified from the literature. Thousand Oaks: Sage; 2007. Mystical causes are often attributed to experiences or behaviors such as ancestral retribution for unfinished tasks or obligations. Epub 2021 Nov 26. Therefore, the explanatory model of illness causation in this community was very similar to that of the Murdock model with one key difference: social elements need to be added to the model. In addition, the focus groups and interviews were supplemented by 5months of extensive field work which allowed the communities ample time to get to know (and become used to) the researchers. A belief of disease causation where it is thought illness is caused by misbehavior or intervention of a supernatural being. Methods for Cross-Cultural Communication in Clinic Encounters. All seek to elucidate principles capable of explaining social inequalities in health, and all represent what I would term theories of disease distribution,24which presume but cannot be reduced to mechanism-oriented theories of disease causation. Int J Environ Res Public Health. It involves praising and glorifying the sky-god and seeking his spiritual assistance to ward off evil. Learning from strangers: the art and method of qualitative interview studies. Health, religion, and meaning: a culture-centered study of Druze women. When we drink it, we contract worms, they twirl in the stomach and give our kids tik, tik [Stomach- ache, salivate and followed by vomiting,] [Male, Study Community # 5]. Antonitto A. However, the capacity to execute and give expanded resources to support the sustainable utilization of indigenous medicine and implement health strategies that take into account indigenous ill-health beliefs is constrained. Cultural beliefs on disease causation in the Philippines: challenge and implications in genetic counseling. BMC Public Health 17, 124 (2017). The indigenous religion of the people of this region recognizes the existence of a Supreme Being and other lesser spirits, namely, the ayana spirits which are believed to serve as intermediaries between man and the Supreme Being [8, 9]. Soc Sci Med. Ann N Y Acad Sci. The practice of epidemiology. New York: Macmillan Publishing Co.; 1970. p. 31527. The SlideShare family just got bigger. They also articulated the role of natural causes and social relationships in maintaining good health. In 1873, Pasteur advanced the germ theory of disease. The common types of diseases in Nigeria are; Malaria Malaria is a risk for 97% of Nigeria's population. Health Disparities of Cardiometabolic Disorders Among Filipino Americans: Implications for Health Equity and Community-Based Genetic Research. Participatory observation, over a total of 5months during the span of one year, was supplemented by focus group discussions (n=96 participants in 10 groups) and in-depth interviews (n=20) conducted with key informants. We would like to thank the study participants and Tehuledere Woreda Health Bereau staff, as well as our research assistants for their great support to facilitate the data collection of study. Tooth decay, measles, or a broken bone are examples. Correspondence to The beliefs and perceptions of ill-health are influenced by the socio-cultural context and indigenous healers, who form an alternative health service in many societies, may compete with biomedical health services, especially if they are perceived as the best way to address specific health concerns [1]. In-depth understanding of disease causation aids in planning prevention and steps to tackle the disease in a population. In: Morse JM, Swansen JM, Kuzel A, editors. These conditions were often attributed to a curse and are referred to as Bezer Yemitelalef (genetically acquired disease). 93 0 obj <>stream Week by week pregnancy (Baby and body development, tips), Human Cardiovascular System- Organs, Functions, Diseases, Human Heart- Location, Anatomy, Structure, Functions, Cell Organelles (Plant, Animal)- Structure, Functions, Diagrams, 16 Types of Microscopes with Parts, Functions, Diagrams, Feezer L. W. (1921). Google Scholar. Example: the more purchases made in your app, the more time is spent using your app. Acute and Chronic Malnutrition. Activate your 30 day free trialto continue reading. Almost all the focus group participants identified better food production as a contributor to health: We keep healthy when we produce enough food and have work to do. We found that the causes of ill-health were constructed and negotiated within the socio-cultural context of the study communities. In: Fox JP, Hall CE, Elveback LR, editors. Itis a particular abnormal, pathological condition that affects part or all of an organism. This level of familiarity would have increased the comfort participants felt sharing with the researchers. hb```DV cc`aa,z0wCV)M\yZT"dRUG>!^pJ4*IHm4 #W}Lg``T PA&cqhd' -`A=L7ppv. PubMed Cite this article. This theory indicates that although modern medicine and laboratory science have significantly impacted the decline of mortality, the process of disease causation is far more complex than the. These two terms seem to mean essentially the same thing and are often used interchangeably. New York: Oxford University press; 2012. Many become sick from the filth on the sharp equipment [Male, Study Community # 4]. Consequently for many indigenous people, attempts to restore wellbeing through the utilization of biomedicine must include customary affirmation of the nature-spirit intercession as a feature of the recuperation process. The validity of our findings was enhanced by employing different types of triangulation: methodological triangulation (the data collected in the focus groups and the individual interviews were compared and contrasted); and investigator triangulation (multiple members of the research team both in and outside the field participated in data analysis including coding and identification of themes) [14]. Not listening to them means we are exacerbating the disease we have [Female, Study Community # 2]. Webs of Causation: Epidemiological concept. The miasma theory was the predominant theory of disease transmission before the germ theory took hold towards the end of the 19th century, and it is no longer accepted as a scientific theory of disease. Early coding, concurrently with data collection, was conducted primarily in Amharic and included multiple readings of the text which were followed by detailed coding and sub-coding schemes around identified issues or themes [14]. Privacy This finding, especially the link between lying and ill health may be relatively unique to this cultural setting. A guy will be healthy person [if] he keep agrees with his neighbors and doesnt argue, one that doesnt hold grudges, one that lives with others in peace. Data obtained from observations and conversations were recorded in field notes, photographs, and audio-recordings. 2022 Jun;46(6):1437-1438. doi: 10.1007/s00264-022-05395-0. . Soc Sci Med. California Privacy Statement, For the followers of indigenous faith, ones health status is not balanced without the nature-spirit connection. Download Free PDF Presence of worry was also seen as part of being cause of illnesses, as one female participant explained: If he is angry, then he wont do his work, he would just be distracted by worrying too much, I think that might lead to other diseases.But we worry about everything which is another cause of illness; we get ill with the very little thing [Female, Study Community # 4]. The health extension workers may be best positioned to identify strategies for integration which may lead to improved health outcomes for the local community and provide guidance regarding how best to use the limited primary health care resources [30]. WHO. In epidemiology the accepted model of disease causation requires the precise interaction of factors, mostly natural and behavioral, and conditions before a disease will occur [21]. However, it is important to define illness and disease differently when considering some non-western cultural traditions. Unusual causes of emergence of antimicrobial drug resistance, Effect of the Gayatri Mantra Playing on Microbial Load in Room Air. For example, Lidell and his colleagues (2005) described how Sub-Saharan peoples relationship with God takes a form of nature-spirit reverence and connection which is vital to maintaining family health [26]. Bareilly, UP, India. Personalistic Causes Traditional healing and primary care: a socio-cultural study in a rural Tehuledere community, North-Eastern Ethiopia. 2006;20(2):12734. Ethiop J Health Dev. State Department guidelines note that staff with confirmed brain injuries from the disease are eligible for over $180,000 (150,000) each. A Descriptive and Phenomenological Exploration of the Spiritual Needs of Chinese Children Hospitalized with Cancer. 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