[54][55][56], Another meteorological risk, although one that occurs less often, is that related to the rapid melting of snow lying in the catchment. The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in past times often caused the river to . The river crosses a band of Triassic Sherwood sandstone at Sandon, and it meets the same sandstone again as it flows beside Cannock Chase, between Great Haywood and Armitage, there is also another outcrop between Weston-on-Trent and King's Mill. [34] To bring clean water to the West Midlands, Birmingham Corporation created a large reservoir chain and aqueduct system to bring water from the Elan Valley. [9] A traditional but almost certainly wrong opinion is that of Izaak Walton, who states in The Compleat Angler (1653) that the Trent is " so called from thirty kind of fishes that are found in it, or for that it receiveth thirty lesser rivers. Downstream of the town the villages are often named in pairs, representing the fact that they were once linked by a river ferry between the two settlements. And cuts me from the best of all my land Water level management is important in these lowland areas, and the local watercourses are usually maintained by internal drainage boards and their successors, with improved drainage being assisted by the use of pumping stations to lift water into embanked carrier rivers, which subsequently discharge into the Trent. I received this morning a letter from the secretary of a Burton rowing club. [116][165], Bridges over the river were created in Saxon times at Nottingham at least (and for a time just north of Newark at Cromwell, although it is not known how long that bridge site lasted), and formed major centres of trade and military importance. At 188 by 30 feet (57.3 by 9.1m), Cromwell lock could hold a tug and three barges, and was opened on 22 May 1911. [166] King Edward fortified the Nottingham bridge in 920, while a notable battle took place at Burton's bridge in 1322, and another in 1643. Last Thursday, its senior eight were out rowing when After the confluence with the Swarbourn, it passes Alrewas and reaches Wychnor, where it is crossed by the A38 dual carriageway, which follows the route of the Roman Ryknild Street. [151], The largest of those listed was the sturgeon, which at one time were caught in the Trent as far upstream as King's Mill, but only in low numbers. key towns of river bannmr patel neurosurgeon cardiff 27 februari, 2023 . The river continues north-east, passing the village of Walton-on-Trent until it reaches the large town of Burton upon Trent. Particular examples included one of 8 feet (2.4m) taken near Donington castle in 1255, and another at King's Mill of 7 feet (2.1m) in 1791. There were, however, over thirty ferries that operated along its course, and numerous fords, where passage was possible, their locations indicated by the suffix ford in many riverside place-names such as Hanford, Bridgford, and Wilford. Up to 0.3 metres (1ft) of deposition could occur in a single season, and depths of 1.5 metres (5ft) have been accumulated over time at some locations. At Yoxall, the flow increases to 12.8m3/s (450cuft/s) due to the input of larger tributaries including the Sow and Blithe. The Aegir cannot travel much beyond Gainsborough as the shape of the river reduces the Aegir to little more than a ripple, and weirs north of Newark-on-Trent, Nottinghamshire, stop its path completely. It is then joined by other small streams to form the Head of Trent, which flows south, to the only reservoir along its course at Knypersley. A plan to build six locks between Cromwell and Holme, and to dredge this section to ensure it was 60 feet (18m) wide and 5 feet (1.5m) deep was authorised by an Act of Parliament obtained in 1906. The Trent is the third-longest river in the United Kingdom.Its source is in Staffordshire, on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor.It flows through and drains the North Midlands.The river is known for dramatic flooding after storms and spring snowmelt, which in the past often caused the river to change course. At certain times of the year, the lower tidal reaches of the Trent experience a moderately large tidal bore (up to 5 feet [1.5m] high), commonly known as the Trent Aegir (named after the Norse sea god). [156] Competition from other fisheries such as well stocked ponds and lakes with better amenities and more consistent catches of fish also meant a reduction in the appeal of fishing the Trent. However, a more likely explanation may be that it was considered to be a river that could be crossed principally by means of fords, i.e. The Trent now flows south-east past the town of Rugeley until it reaches Kings Bromley where it meets the Blithe. The Trent drains a large portion of south-central Ontario, including most of the Kawartha Lakes and their supplying watersheds. The otters and non-native American mink also use the river as wildlife route. There is a canoe slalom course at Stone, a purpose built 700m (2,300ft) artificial course at Holme Pierrepont, and various weirs including those at Newark and Sawley are all used for whitewater paddling. [130][131][132] These include wildfowl and wading birds that use the Trent Valley as a migration corridor, with the river also being used as a wildlife route by mammals such as otters and non-native American mink. In. At its southern end is a ruined Tudor manor house known as Torksey Castle, and beyond that, Torksey Lock marks the point where the Trent meets the Foss Dyke Canal. [105] The funnel shape of the river mouth exaggerates this effect, causing a large wave to travel upstream as far as Gainsborough, Lincolnshire, and sometimes beyond. The lower Bann flows northward through Lough Beg and carries the waters of Lough Neagh to the sea below Coleraine. The resulting surge overtopped the flood defences in the area near Keadby and Burringham, flooding 50 properties. [115], At the downstream end of the Potteries was Trentham Hall, here pollution became so bad that the owner, the Duke of Sutherland, made a claim against the local Fenton council in 1902. [147], Evidence of fishing along the Trent can be traced back to the Neolithic period, with the possible remnants of a fish weir discovered in the abandoned river channels at Hemington. Nottingham seems to have been the ancient head of navigation until the Restoration, due partly to the difficult navigation of the Trent Bridge. [191][192], Rowing clubs have existed at Burton, Newark and Nottingham since the mid-1800s, with various regattas taking place between them, both on the river and on the rowing course at the national watersports centre. [29], Land use is predominantly rural, with some three-quarters of the Trent catchment given over to agriculture. The programme of monitoring also extended to taking biological samples, and one of the first biotic indices used for assessing the ecological rather than the chemical quality of rivers was developed by the local river board in the 1960s. Key information about Oxford, Royal Windsor, London and Southend and all the other towns 200+ miles along the River Thames. Other changes, such as the replacement of town gas with natural gas, saw the end of the polluting and toxic coal tar emissions to rivers in 1963. It rises in the county of Staffordshire and, after flowing southeastward, northeastward, and then northward for 168 miles (270 km), enters the Humber estuary 40 miles (65 km) from the North Sea. [11], The now tidal river meanders across a wide floodplain, at the edge of which are located riverside villages such as Carlton and Sutton on Trent, Besthorpe and Girton. It also includes the green spaces and gardens of . By early 1796, the Beeston cut was operational, with the Cranfleet cut following in 1797, and the Holme cut in 1800, with the whole works being finished by 1 September 1801. [91], Users of the Trent and Mersey Canal, the Loughborough Canal and the Erewash Canal next demanded major improvements to the river down to Gainsborough, including new cuts, locks, dredging and a towing path suitable for horses. Its drainage basin covers more than 4,000 square miles (10,000 square km). These floods revealed the need for a tidal protection scheme, which would cope with the flows experienced in 1947 and the tidal levels from 1954, and subsequently the floodbanks and defences along the lower river were improved to this standard with the works being completed in 1965. 109. [125][129], Artificial changes along the Trent, due to navigation, farming, mineral extraction and drainage works, mean that much of the riparian landscape has been altered, reducing the amount of natural habitat. [77][170], When bridge construction resumed, toll bridges were often constructed on the site of ferry routes. Yet Thames and Severne both in this come short of me, The upper Bann rises in the Mourne Mountains and flows northwest to Lough (lake) Neagh. He reported that they could be treacherous to the unwary, since there were few gauges to show if the river had become too deep to cross, and that they were rarely used except by locals. [95], Increased running costs after the First World War could not be met by increasing the tolls, as the company had no statutory powers to do so, and so suggested that the Ministry of Transport should take over the navigation, which they did from 24 September 1920. [91] Eventually in 1805, they reached an agreement with Henshall & Co., the leading canal carriers, for the closure of the river above Wilden Ferry. It flows through the bustling city of Nottingham, the market town of Newark and the rural Trent Vale. Though the river is no doubt legally still navigable above Shardlow, it is probable that the agreement marks the end of the use of that stretch of the river as a commercial navigation. [23], On 1718 March 1947 the Trent overtopped its banks in Nottingham. [193][194][195], Both whitewater and flat water canoeing is possible on the Trent, with published guides and touring routes being listed for the river. [2] Throughout its course, the river mostly flows through the Peak District and its foothills. Windsor celebrated another Royal Wedding this year ( Prince Harry to Meghan Markle of course) when the world slowed for a moment. Traffic increased from 620,000 tonnes during 1951 to 1,017,356 tonnes during 1964, but all of this was below Nottingham. [151][184][189][190] The first person to swim the entire swimmable length of the Trent was Tom Milner, who swam 139 miles (224km) over nine days in July 2015. Its source is in Staffordshire on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor. At Newark, cargo such as wool, coal, grain and timber was unloaded on the wharves and stored in warehouses. An Act of Parliament was obtained in 1794, and the existing proprietors subscribed the whole of the authorised capital of 13,000 (equivalent to 1,590,000 in 2021),[93] themselves. Trento was founded, according to the classical savant Pliny the Elder and the geographer Strabo of Amaseia, by the Raetians, and it became a Roman colony and military base on the road north to the Reschen (Resia) and . Later, in 1699, the baron William Paget (Lord Paget), who owned coal mines and land in the area, obtained an Act of Parliament to extend navigation up to Fleetstones Bridge, Burton, despite opposition from the people of Nottingham. During a following glaciation (Devensian, 70,000BC) the ice held back vast areas of water called Glacial Lake Humber in the current lower Trent basin. [168][169]) Cavendish Bridge was itself damaged beyond repair by a flood in March 1947, requiring a temporary Bailey bridge to be used until a new concrete span was constructed in 1957. The medieval bridges of Burton and Nottingham survived relatively intact until the 1860s, when both were replaced and demolished. These fording points only allowed passage across the river when water levels were low; when the river was in flood a long detour could be required. These lower reaches are protected from tidal flooding by a series of floodbanks and defences. [59], Alphabetical listing of tributaries, extracted from the Water Framework Directive list of water bodies for the River Trent:[206], Trent Bridge, with Nottingham in the background, West Bridgford in the floods of March 1947, Holme Sluices: part of the Nottingham flood defences, Trent Valley Sailing Club near Trent Lock. Another translation is given as "the trespasser", referring to the waters flooding over the land. The catchment is located between the drainage basins of the Severn and its tributary the Avon to the south and west, the Weaver to the north-west, the tributaries of the Yorkshire Ouse to the North and the basins of the Welland, Witham and Ancholme to the east. For the Trent this proportion is lower, but with nearly half of low flows being made up of these effluent inflows, it is still significant. (Until the late 18th century, a long period of stagnation for economic and technical reasons limited the number of bridges over the Trent; it has been noted that relatively few bridges were constructed in England on new sites anywhere between around 12501300 and 1750. The cost exceeded the authorised capital by a large margin, with the extra being borrowed, but the company continued to pay a 7 per cent dividend on the original shares and on those created to finance the new work. The variation in these factors is also reflected in the contrasting runoff characteristics and subsequent inflows of the principal tributaries. More specifically, the name may be a contraction of two Romano-British words, tros ("over") and hynt ("way"). During the 1950s, however, the same problem of effluent dilution that occurred in Stoke began to become significant in Birmingham and the Black Country. Flows measured at Nottingham were exceptionally low by the end of August, and were given a drought return period of greater than one hundred years. Later improvements such as the series of purification lakes that were constructed on the Tame in the 1980s, which allowed contaminated sediment to settle out from the river, also reduced pollution levels, and lessened the impact of first flush runoff events in the lower Tame and the middle Trent. As they were a source of income, they were recorded in the Domesday Book at a number of locations including Weston on Trent and Fiskerton, both of which were still in operation in the middle of the 20th century. Navigation lights and a proper anchor and cable are compulsory. There are also baseflow contributions from the major aquifers in the catchment. The current state of knowledge and proposals for future research", "Cavendish Bridge Conservation Area Appraisal and Study", "Coal-Fired Power Plants in East England & the Midlands", "Strategic Priorities for Water Related Recreation in the Midlands", "Burton-upon-Trent: Social and cultural activities", "Tom Milner swims 139 miles in nine days", "Tom Milner completes River Trent Challenge", "National Water Sports Centre About Us", "Report on the investigation of Nottingham Princess striking Trent Bridge Nottingham", "Water Framework Directive Surface Water Classification Status and Objectives 2012 csv file", Photographs along the Trent in Nottingham from Nottingham21, Predictive Modelling of Multi-Period Geoarchaeological Resources at a River Confluence. River levels dropped when the floodbank at Morton breached, resulting in the flooding of some 78sqmi (200km2; 50,000 acres) of farmland in the Trent valley. Rainfall is Annual Average 196190 for the catchment to the Gauging Station, Tributary names from Ordnance Survey maps added where list amalgamated river reaches, River Order 1 being closest to Trent Falls, Ripper, S. and Cooper L.P., 2009, The Hemington Bridges: "The Excavation of Three Medieval Bridges at Hemington Quarry, Near Castle Donington, Leicestershire", Leicester Archaeology Monograph, Holme Pierrepont National Watersports Centre, National Watersports Centre at Holme Pierrepont, "Historical channel-floodplain dynamics along the River Trent", "Midlands Catchment Flood Management Plans", "University of Wales Trinity Saint David", "The Trent Valley: palaeochannel mapping from aerial photographs", "Stanhope, Sir Thomas 1540-96 of Shelford", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 2", "Environment Agency What's in your Backyard", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 3", "Geological Evolution of Central England with reference to the Trent Basin and its Landscapes", "The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units Gunthorpe member", "The Lower and Middle Palaeolithic Occupation of the Middle and Lower Trent Catchment and Adjacent Areas, as Recorded in the River Gravels used as Aggregate Resources", "River Trent: Archaeology and Landscape of the Ice Age", "The BGS Lexicon of Named Rock Units - Trent Valley Formation", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Chapter 2 Part1", "River Trent Catchment Flood Management Plan Scoping Report, Part 5", "28095-Tame at Hopwas Bridge Spatial Data Rainfall", "Climate tables Climate region:England 1961-90", "Hi flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Colwick (28009)", "1947 U.K. River Floods:60-Year Retrospective", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Stoke (28040)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Great Haywood (28006)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Yoxall (28012)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Drakelow (28019)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at Shardlow (28007)", "Hi Flows UK AMAX Data for: Trent at North Muskham (28022)", "Willington C Gas Pipeline Environmental Statement, Volume 1, Chapter 7, Hydrology, Hydrogeology and Flood Risk Assessment", "Alluvial Archaeology in the Vale of York", "Chesterfield Canal Trust History of the Restoration", "Nottingham Left Bank Flood Alleviation Scheme Flood Risk Assessment", "Reassessing flood frequency for the River Trent through the inclusion of historical flood information since AD1320", "County floods remembered by Nottinghamshire Archives and Picture the Past", "Hull and north Lincolnshire floods clean-up begins", "East Staffordshire Strategic Flood Risk Assessment Level 1 Report", "The Annual RPI and Average Earnings for Britain, 1209 to Present (New Series)", British Waterways, River Trent Water Freight Feasibility Study, p11, "Ports and wharves of North Lincolnshire", "Freighter-Celtic-Endeavor-aground-and-refloated". Others trips run from Newark castle, and two converted barges; the Newark Crusader and Nottingham Crusader, provide river cruises for disabled people via the St John Ambulance Waterwing scheme. The changes were helped by the introduction of more stringent pollution control legislation, which required industrial waste to be discharged to sewers, and the formation of the Trent River Authority, which had new duties relating to managing water quality issues. The two arms recombine at Crankley Point beyond the town, where the river turns due north to pass North Muskham and Holme to reach Cromwell Weir, below which the Trent becomes tidal. Tolls were increased, and a committee recommended improvements to the river. The north part from the south, on my so either sides, [95], Frank Rayner, who had been with the company since 1887, and had served as its engineer and later general manager since 1896, died in December 1945. [96] Barges still transport gravel from pits at Girton and Besthorpe to Goole and Hull. It is situated mainly on the west bank of the River Trent and on the Grand Trunk (Trent and Mersey) Canal. [154] This led to comments that the river had become too clean for its fish, and its popularity, especially for match fishing, declined from the mid 1980s. The mighty River Trent is one of England's major rivers. Navigation was then extended to Wilden Ferry, near to the more recent Cavendish Bridge, as a result of the efforts of the Fosbrooke family of Shardlow. Riverside lakes near Shardlow act as a reserve water source for Nottingham and Derby, and water is also abstracted at Torksey and Newton-on-Trent for supplies in Lincolnshire. [20][21] The river's propensity to change course is referred to in Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part 1: Methinks my moiety, north from Burton here, the river flowed over major road routes. The Act gave him absolute control over the building of any wharves and warehouses above Nottingham Bridge. Throughout history, the river has been a main route for trade and travel. [11] To the north-east of Burton the river is joined by the River Dove at Newton Solney and enters Derbyshire, before passing between the villages of Willington and Repton where it turns directly east to reach Swarkestone Bridge. Write by: . the polluted state of the Trent is a terror to Trentham. It lies along the Adige River, south of Bolzano. Whilst this is not unique for an English river, it does mean that there is an ongoing legacy of issues relating to urban runoff, pollution incidents, and effluent dilution from sewage treatment, industry and coal mining. Built as an abbey church, it has a Norman nucleus as well as touches Tip by Amy Bookmark Take Me There OSM 2 Shrewsbury Abbey The work was completed by September 1787, and dividends of 5 per cent were paid on the capital during 1786 and 1787, increasing to 7 per cent, the maximum allowed by the Act, after that. Together these contain the majority of the 6 million people who live in the catchment.[29]. Facts about the River Trent 5: the native and migrant species. Downstream of Dunham the river passes Church Laneham and reaches Torksey, where it meets the Foss Dyke navigation which connects the Trent to Lincoln and the River Witham. It flows through and drains the North Midlands. [59], In terms of rainfall the Derwent receives the highest annual average rainfall, whereas the Devon, which has the lowest average rainfall is the driest catchment of those tabulated. The second and third largest are the Derwent and the Dove respectively; together these two rivers drain the majority of Derbyshire and Staffordshire, including the upland areas of the Peak District. It also incorporates the iconic Howden, Derwent and Ladybower Reservoirs. At Colwick near Nottingham, the average flow rises to 83.8m3/s (2,960cuft/s), due to the combined inputs of the other major tributaries namely the Dove, Derwent and Soar. [152] The last known catch was in 1902 near Holme, the fish was .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}8+12 feet (2.6m) and weighed 250 pounds (110kg). The mighty River Trent is one of England's major rivers. [89], The Trent and Mersey Canal was authorised by Act of Parliament in 1766, and construction from Shardlow to Preston Brook, where it joined the Bridgewater Canal, was completed by 1777. The canal connects the Trent to the Potteries and on to Runcorn and the Bridgewater Canal. members of the crew were seized with pains in the chest. [40] Once worked out, the remaining gravel pits which are usually flooded by the relatively high water table have been reused for a wide variety of purposes. On reaching West Bridgford it flows beneath Trent Bridge near the cricket ground of the same name, and beside The City Ground, home of Nottingham Forest, until it reaches Holme Sluices. To rob me of so rich a bottom here. One effect of this pollution was that the upper and middle reaches were completely devoid of any fish life.[115]. 4 - River Great Ouse - (Estimated Length: 143 Miles) Wiki Info: The River Great Ouse is a river in the United Kingdom, the longest of several British rivers called "Ouse". River Trent, river in the English Midlands. See answer (1) Copy. [59], The River Soar which drains the majority of the county of Leicestershire, could also be considered as the second largest tributary, as it has a larger catchment area than the Dove or Derwent, but its discharge is significantly less than the Derwent, and lower than the Dove. During lower flows the Trent and its tributaries are heavily influenced by effluent returns from sewage works, especially the Tame where summer flows can be made up of 90% effluent. They have also now been sighted at locations such as Wolseley, Willington, and Attenborough. The top 20 Attractions around the the River Severn OSM 1 Gloucester Cathedral Bike Touring Highlight Situated close to the River Severn, Gloucester Cathedral first appears in records in the 11th century. [172][173], The toll bridges were mostly bought out by the county councils in the 19th century following government reforms, one of the earliest being Willington in 1898, the first toll free crossing was marked by a procession across the bridge and a day of celebration. [16] An abandoned channel at Repton is described on an old map as 'Old Trent Water', records show that this was once the main navigable route, with the river having switched to a more northerly course in the 18th century. [177], In downstream order, the power stations that continue to use, or have used the river as their source of cooling water are: Meaford, Rugeley, Drakelow, Willington, Castle Donington, Ratcliffe-on-Soar, Wilford, Staythorpe, High Marnham, Cottam, West Burton and Keadby. [126][127], Although now considered cleaner, there are still problems with diffuse pollution from agricultural runoff and urban areas, as well as point source contamination from sewage works. Cities and towns on or close to the river include: Prior to the mid-18th century there were few permanent crossings of the river with only four bridges downstream of the Tame confluence: the old medieval bridges at Burton, Swarkestone, Nottingham (known as Hethbeth Bridge) and Newark, all first built by 1204. '[150] A list composed in 1641 for the Trent, contained thirty types of fish and other species including those that migrated from the sea such as shad, smelt, salmon and flounder, and riverine species such as trout, grayling, perch and pike. Historic flood levels have also been recorded at Girton and on the churchyard wall at Collingham. 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Southend and all the other towns 200+ miles along the Adige river, south of Bolzano ], on March! Goole and Hull anchor and cable are compulsory wharves and stored in warehouses to. Relatively intact until the 1860s, when both were replaced and demolished what are the key towns of the river trent Kings Bromley where it meets Blithe! Were completely devoid of any fish life. [ 115 ] 96 ] still! Been a main route for trade and travel unloaded on the southern edge of Biddulph Moor also its... 23 ], Land use is predominantly rural, with some three-quarters of the Trent catchment given to... The resulting surge overtopped the flood defences in what are the key towns of the river trent catchment. [ 29.! Royal Windsor, London and Southend and all the other towns 200+ miles along the Adige river, of. S major rivers another Royal Wedding this year ( Prince Harry to Meghan Markle of course ) when world!